SynthesisAIDS (London, England)2014
Examining non-AIDS mortality among people who inject drugs.
Synthesis in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of medication-assisted treatment on mortality among opioids users: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Causes and risk factors of death among people who inject drugs in Indonesia, Ukraine and Vietnam: findings from HPTN 074 randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Cognitive function and mortality among persons aging with HIV and injection drug use.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Rising mortality among people who inject drugs living with HIV in Scotland, UK: A 20-year retrospective cohort study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Applying population-specific incidence prevalence ratio benchmarks to monitor the Australian HIV epidemic: an epidemiological analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Mortality among people who inject drugs - the interwoven roles of fentanyl and HIV: a community-based cohort study.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Methods and Assumptions for Estimating Key HIV Indicators in the UNAIDS Annual Estimates Process.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Article
- The association between all-cause mortality and HIV acquisition risk groups in the United States, 2001-2014.PloS one · 2023Article
- The contribution of unstable housing to HIV and hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs globally, regionally, and at country level: a modelling study.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Article
- A cohort study revealed high mortality among people who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Vietnam.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2021Article
- Elucidating Drivers for Variations in the Explosive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among People Who Inject Drugs in Pakistan.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Drugs, discipline and death: Causes and predictors of mortality among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, 2011-2018.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Modelling the impact of different testing strategies for HCV infection in Switzerland.Journal of virus eradication · 2019Article
- Hepatitis C transmission in young people who inject drugs: Insights using a dynamic model informed by state public health surveillance.Epidemics · 2019Article
- Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy Decreases Mortality Among Patients With High CD4 Counts in China: A Nationwide, Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Observational
- Global and regional trends of people living with HIV aged 50 and over: Estimates and projections for 2000-2020.PloS one · 2018Article
- A Hazard Analysis of Risk Factors of Mortality in Individuals Who Inject Drugs in Denver CO.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Confronting the HIV, Tuberculosis, Addiction, and Incarceration Syndemic in Southeast Asia: Lessons Learned from Malaysia.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2016Review
- Morbidity and Mortality Among Community-Based People Who Inject Drugs With a High Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Burden in Chennai, India.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Reducing rates of preventable HIV/AIDS-associated mortality among people living with HIV who inject drugs.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review and analyse data from cohorts of people who inject drugs (PWID) to improve existing estimates of non-AIDS mortality used to calculate mortality among PWID in the Spectrum Estimates and Projection Package.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsWe conducted an update of an earlier systematic review of mortality among PWID, searching specifically for studies providing data on non-AIDS-related deaths. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to derive pooled estimates of non-AIDS crude mortality rates across cohorts disaggregated by sex, HIV status and periods in and out of opioid substitution therapy (OST). Within each cohort, ratios of non-AIDS CMRs were calculated and then pooled across studies for the following paired sub-groups: HIV-negative versus HIV-positive PWID; male versus female PWID; periods in OST versus out of OST. For each analysis, pooled estimates by country income group and by geographic region were also calculated.
resultsThirty-seven eligible studies from high-income countries and five from low and middle-income countries were found. Non-AIDS mortality was significantly higher in low and middle-income countries [2.74 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76-3.72] than in high-income countries (1.56 per 100 person-years; 95% CI 1.38-1.74). Non-AIDS CMRs were 1.34 times greater among men than women (95% CI 1.14-1.57; N = 19 studies); 1.50 times greater among HIV-positive than HIV-negative PWID (95% CI 1.15, 1.96; N = 16 studies); and more than three times greater during periods out of OST than for periods on OST (N = 7 studies).
conclusionsA comprehensive response to injecting drug must include efforts to reduce the high levels of non-AIDS mortality among PWID. Due to limitations of currently available data, including substantial heterogeneity between studies, estimates of non-AIDS mortality specific to geographic regions, country income level, or the availability of OST should be interpreted with caution.
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