ArticlePloS one2014
Design and development of a novel vaccine for protection against Lyme borreliosis.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis for the adverse effects, immunogenicity and efficacy of Lyme disease vaccines: Guiding novel vaccine development.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2017Pooled it
- A second yearly booster dose of the VLA15 Lyme borreliosis vaccine candidate in healthy individuals.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Serological correlates of disseminatedMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Broadly conserved protective epitopes on the lyme disease vaccine antigen, OspA.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Homologous and Heterologous Immunization with a PIV5-Based Modified OspA Vaccine Confers Equivalent Protection Against Tick-TransmittedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lyme disease control 2.0: Advances and opportunities coming with Lyme disease vaccine VLA15.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Rabies virus-vectored Lyme disease vaccine provides long-term protection against tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Silent Carriers: The Role of Rodents in the Emergence of Zoonotic Bacterial Threats.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Lyme disease mRNA vaccine targetingMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Article
- Preclinical Evidence for the Protective Capacity of Antibodies Induced by Lyme Vaccine Candidate VLA15 in People.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Development of a sequence-basedMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Single-domain antibodies reveal unique borrelicidal epitopes on the Lyme disease vaccine antigen, outer surface protein A (OspA).Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- Current and emerging approaches for eliminatingFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Development of an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine against Lyme disease.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Lyme Disease and Post-treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome: Current and Developing Treatment Options.Cureus · 2023Review
- Article
- Past, present, and future of Lyme disease vaccines: antigen engineering approaches and mechanistic insights.Expert review of vaccines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is currently no Lyme borreliosis vaccine available for humans, although it has been shown that the disease can be prevented by immunization with an OspA-based vaccine (LYMErix). Outer surface protein A (OspA) is one of the dominant antigens expressed by the spirochetes when present in a tick. The Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis in Europe express different OspA serotypes on their surface, B. burgdorferi (serotype 1), B. afzelii (serotype 2), B. garinii (serotypes, 3, 5 and 6) and B. bavariensis (serotype 4), while only B. burgdorferi is present in the US. In order to target all these pathogenic Borrelia species, we have designed a multivalent OspA-based vaccine. The vaccine includes three proteins, each containing the C-terminal half of two OspA serotypes linked to form a heterodimer. In order to stabilize the C-terminal fragment and thus preserve important structural epitopes at physiological temperature, disulfide bonds were introduced. The immunogenicity was increased by introduction of a lipidation signal which ensures the addition of an N-terminal lipid moiety. Three immunizations with 3.0 µg adjuvanted vaccine protected mice from a challenge with spirochetes expressing either OspA serotype 1, 2 or 5. Mice were protected against both challenge with infected ticks and in vitro grown spirochetes. Immunological analyses (ELISA, surface binding and growth inhibition) indicated that the vaccine can provide protection against the majority of Borrelia species pathogenic for humans. This article presents the approach which allows for the generation of a hexavalent vaccine that can potentially protect against a broad range of globally distributed Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.