Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25406936›Full record

SynthesisGlobalization and health2014

Evidence for cost-effectiveness of lifestyle primary preventions for cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: a systematic review.

Lainie Sutton, Anup Karan, Ajay Mahal

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Globalization and health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. The Complete Health Improvement Program and Physical Activity.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Lainie SuttonSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. lainie.sutton@monash.edu.
Anup KaranIndian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar (IIPHG), Sardar Patel Institute Campus, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, 380 054, India. anup.karan@iiphg.org.
Ajay MahalSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. ajay.mahal@monash.edu.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 084754
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCountries of the Asia Pacific region account for a major share of the global burden of disease due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and this burden is rising over time. Modifiable behavioural risk factors for CVD are considered a key target for reduction in incidence but their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness tend to depend on country context. However, no systematic assessment of cost-effectiveness of interventions addressing behavioural risk factors in the region exists.

methodsA systematic review of the published literature on cost-effectiveness of interventions targeting modifiable behavioural risk factors for CVD was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were (a) countries in Asia and the Pacific, (b) studies that had conducted economic evaluations of interventions (c) published papers in major economic and public health databases and (d) a comprehensive list of search words to identify appropriate articles. All authors independently examined the final list of articles relating to methodology and findings.

resultsUnder our inclusion criteria a total of 28 studies, with baseline years ranging from 1990 to 2012, were included in the review, 19 conducted in high-income countries of the region. Reviewed studies assessed cost-effectiveness of interventions for tobacco control, alcohol reduction, salt intake control, physical activity and dietary interventions. The majority of cost-effectiveness analyses were simulation analyses mostly relying on developed country data, and only 6 studies used effectiveness data from RCTs in the region. Other than for Australia, no direct conclusions could be drawn about cost-effectiveness of interventions targeting behavioural risk factors due to the small number of studies, interventions that varied widely in design, and varied methods for measurement of costs associated with interventions.

conclusionsGood quality cost-effectiveness information on interventions targeting behavioural interventions for the Asia-Pacific region remains a major gap in the literature.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorLife StyleAlcohol DrinkingAsiaAustraliaCardiovascular DiseasesCost-Benefit AnalysisDietExerciseGlobal HealthHumansPrimary PreventionSmoking PreventionSodium, DietarySodium, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID25406936
PMCPMC4251847

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.