ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2014
Medicating the environment: assessing risks of pharmaceuticals to wildlife and ecosystems.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characterization of Fish Serotonin, Dopamine and Norepinephrine Transporters as a Potential Target for Environmental Pharmaceuticals.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Executive functioning in wild guppies: investigating the impact of a pharmaceutical pollutant.Animal cognition · 2026Article
- Advantages and drawbacks of life cycle assessment application to the pharmaceuticals: a short critical literature review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Review
- Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Urban Rats Are Linked to Zoonotic Infection Risk.Environmental science & technology letters · 2026Article
- Removal of pharmaceutical pollutants by adsorption onto novel metal-organic frameworks.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Review
- Critical insights into the potential risks of antipsychotic drugs to fish, including through effects on behaviour.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Evaluating the potential toxicity of ampicillin usingToxicology reports · 2025Article
- Toxicity of pharmaceutical micropollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using blood biomarkers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmaceuticals and Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: A Comprehensive Review of Pathways and Distribution, Toxicological and Ecological Effects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Article
- Towards eco-friendly pharmaceuticals: Regulatory and policy approaches for sustainable medicines use.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Review
- CONTRAST prioritisation tool: filtering and ranking contaminants of emerging concern in the marine environment using hazard-based approaches.Environmental sciences Europe · 2025Article
- Psychoactive pollutant alters movement dynamics of fish in a natural lake system.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Toxicological effect of acetaminophen, metamizole, and nimesulide cocktail on early development of zebrafish.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Chemical Upcycling of Expired Pharmaceuticals as a Source of Value-Added Chemicals for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Functional analysis, diversity, and distribution of theApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Assessing Environmental Risks during the Drug Development Process for Parasitic Vector-Borne Diseases: A Critical Reflection.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Linking Mechanistic Effects of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products to Ecologically Relevant Outcomes: A Decade of Progress.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2024Article
- The Environmental Exposures in Lebanese Infants (EELI) birth cohort: an investigation into the Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD).International journal of environmental health research · 2024Article
- Pharmaceutical pollution alters the cost of bacterial infection and its relationship to pathogen load.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Global pharmaceutical consumption is rising with the growing and ageing human population and more intensive food production. Recent studies have revealed pharmaceutical residues in a wide range of ecosystems and organisms. Environmental concentrations are often low, but pharmaceuticals typically are designed to have biological effects at low doses, acting on physiological systems that can be evolutionarily conserved across taxa. This Theme Issue introduces the latest research investigating the risks of environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceuticals to vertebrate wildlife. We take a holistic, global view of environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals encompassing terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems in high- and low-income countries. Based on both field and laboratory data, the evidence for and relevance of changes to physiology and behaviour, in addition to mortality and reproductive effects, are examined in terms of the population- and community-level consequences of pharmaceutical exposure on wildlife. Studies on uptake, trophic transfer and indirect effects of pharmaceuticals acting via food webs are presented. Given the logistical and ethical complexities of research in this area, several papers focus on techniques for prioritizing which compounds are most likely to harm wildlife and how modelling approaches can make predictions about the bioavailability, metabolism and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in non-target species. This Theme Issue aims to help clarify the uncertainties, highlight opportunities and inform ongoing scientific and policy debates on the impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.