Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25405348›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

Oxytocin and vasopressin receptor gene variation as a proximate base for inter- and intraspecific behavioral differences in bonobos and chimpanzees.

Nicky Staes, Jeroen M G Stevens, Philippe Helsen, Mia Hillyer, Marisa Korody, Marcel Eens

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. LinkedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  2. Frontiers in psychology · 2025
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  3. Group-level signatures in bonobo sociality.Evolutionary human sciences · 2024
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  4. Elephants as an animal model for self-domestication.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  5. Human cooperation and evolutionary transitions in individuality.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023
    Article
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  9. The interaction engine: cuteness selection and the evolution of the interactional base for language.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Differences in the mutual eye gaze of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) · 2020
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Nicky StaesUniversity of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Ethology research group, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018, Antwerp, Belgium.
Jeroen M G StevensCentre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Ethology research group, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
Philippe HelsenCentre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Ethology research group, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
Mia HillyerCentre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018, Antwerp, Belgium; Molecular Systematics Unit, Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6106, Australia.
Marisa KorodySan Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, United States of America.
Marcel EensUniversity of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Ethology research group, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp · BEUniversity of Antwerp · BESan Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research · USWestern Australian Museum · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent literature has revealed the importance of variation in neuropeptide receptor gene sequences in the regulation of behavioral phenotypic variation. Here we focus on polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and vasopressin receptor gene 1a (Avpr1a) in chimpanzees and bonobos. In humans, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the third intron of OXTR (rs53576 SNP (A/G)) is linked with social behavior, with the risk allele (A) carriers showing reduced levels of empathy and prosociality. Bonobos and chimpanzees differ in these same traits, therefore we hypothesized that these differences might be reflected in variation at the rs53576 position. We sequenced a 320 bp region surrounding rs53576 but found no indications of this SNP in the genus Pan. However, we identified previously unreported SNP variation in the chimpanzee OXTR sequence that differs from both humans and bonobos. Humans and bonobos have previously been shown to have a more similar 5' promoter region of Avpr1a when compared to chimpanzees, who are polymorphic for the deletion of ∼ 360 bp in this region (+/- DupB) which includes a microsatellite (RS3). RS3 has been linked with variation in levels of social bonding, potentially explaining part of the interspecies behavioral differences found in bonobos, chimpanzees and humans. To date, results for bonobos have been based on small sample sizes. Our results confirmed that there is no DupB deletion in bonobos with a sample size comprising approximately 90% of the captive founder population, whereas in chimpanzees the deletion of DupB had the highest frequency. Because of the higher frequency of DupB alleles in our bonobo population, we suggest that the presence of this microsatellite may partly reflect documented differences in levels of sociability found in bonobos and chimpanzees.

Indexed as

Polymorphism, Single NucleotideSocial BehaviorAllelesAnimalsBase SequenceFemaleGene FrequencyGenotypeHumansMaleMicrosatellite RepeatsMolecular Sequence DataPan paniscusPan troglodytesReceptors, OxytocinReceptors, VasopressinReceptors, OxytocinReceptors, Vasopressin

Identifiers

PMID25405348
PMCPMC4236177
OpenAlexW2125516806

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC0
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.