ArticlePediatrics2014
Duration of rhinovirus shedding in the upper respiratory tract in the first year of life.
Article in Pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03233516 (Trial of Respiratory Infections in Children for Enhanced Diagnostics), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trial of Respiratory Infections in Children for Enhanced Diagnostics
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Guideline
- Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation to prevent acute respiratory infections in infancy in Dhaka, Bangladesh (MDARI trial): protocol for a prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2016Trial
- Detectability of Pathogenic RNA Virus Families in Different Body Sites: A Scoping Review.Viruses · 2026Article
- Respiratory microbiome alterations, coinfections and virus intra-host evolution in a persistently active SARS-CoV-2 infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Infants with Hypothermia with Positive Respiratory Pathogen Testing.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With Prolonged Respiratory Virus Detection From Polymerase Chain Reaction of Nasal Specimens Collected Longitudinally in Healthy Children in a US Birth Cohort.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses in Human Olfactory Pathophysiology.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Burden of Respiratory Viruses in Children Less Than 2 Years Old in a Community-based Longitudinal US Birth Cohort.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Viral infection in chronic otitis media with effusion in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Trends in Risk Factors and Symptoms Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus Test Positivity in King County, Washington, June 2020 to July 2022.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Article
- Human Rhinoviruses in Adult Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Germany: Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Significance.Viruses · 2021Article
- Fever without source as the first manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants less than 90 days old.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study.Viruses · 2021Article
- Remodeling of bronchial epithelium caused by asthmatic inflammation affects its response to rhinovirus infection.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus From 1-Year Surveillance Within a School Setting in Rural Coastal Kenya.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Childhood asthma heterogeneity at the era of precision medicine: Modulating the immune response or the microbiota for the management of asthma attack.Biochemical pharmacology · 2020Review
- Association between multiple respiratory viral infections and pediatric intensive care unit admission among infants with bronchiolitis.Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie · 2020Article
- Introducing a New Algorithm for Classification of Etiology in Studies on Pediatric Pneumonia: Protocol for the Trial of Respiratory Infections in Children for Enhanced Diagnostics Study.JMIR research protocols · 2019Article
- Multiplex Platforms for the Identification of Respiratory Pathogens: Are They Useful in Pediatric Clinical Practice?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCurrent molecular diagnostic methods have detected rhinovirus RNA in a high proportion of asymptomatic infants and children, raising the question of the clinical significance of these findings. This study investigates the prevalence of prolonged rhinovirus RNA presence in the upper respiratory tract of infants during the first year of life.
methodsIn a longitudinal study, infants were followed from birth up to 12 months. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected monthly (months 1-6 and month 9) and during an upper respiratory infection. Rhinoviruses were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Presence of repeated rhinovirus RNA was evaluated by nucleotide sequence analysis.
resultsA total of 2153 specimens from 362 infants were studied; 341 distinct rhinovirus infections in 216 infants were identified. Follow-up specimens were available within 30 days for 179 infections, creating the sample set to assess prolonged rhinovirus presence. Of the 179 infections, 46 involved the detection of the same rhinovirus strain in repeated specimens, including 8 events of prolonged presence of the same strain (detected in specimens collected >30 days apart), representing 4.5% of the evaluable rhinovirus infections. There were 26 events in which a rhinovirus strain was replaced by a different strain within a 30-day interval, representing 14.5% of the 179 infections.
conclusionsAlthough rhinovirus infections are common in healthy infants, prolonged presence of rhinovirus RNA in the respiratory tract after an upper respiratory infection was uncommon (<5%). Detection of rhinovirus RNA in an infant most likely represents an infection within a 30-day period.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.