ArticleJournal of bacteriology2015
Allele variants of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin are globally transmitted and associated with colonization factors.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attenuating ETEC virulence using a heat-labile enterotoxin-blocking binding protein.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Emerging and Underdetected Colonization Factors in EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Systemic and mucosal immunity to enterotoxigenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Construction of the ETECFinder database for the characterization of enterotoxigenicJournal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Isolation and Genomic Characterization of a Heat-Labile Enterotoxin 1-Producing Escherichia fergusonii Strain from a Human.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Both LTA and LTB Subunits Are Equally Important to Heat-Labile Enterotoxin (LT)-Enhanced Bacterial Adherence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Functional analysis of colonization factor antigen I positive enterotoxigenicMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Long-read-sequenced reference genomes of the seven major lineages of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) circulating in modern time.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The population genetics of pathogenic Escherichia coli.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- Genomic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of EnterotoxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Strain-specific transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of heat-labile toxin expression by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2020Article
- Article
- Conservation and global distribution of non-canonical antigens in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Heat-Stable Enterotoxins of EnterotoxigenicToxins · 2019Review
- Structural Characterization and Physicochemical Stability Profile of a Double Mutant Heat Labile Toxin Protein Based Adjuvant.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2017Article
- Occurrence of Clinically Important Lineages, Including the Sequence Type 131 C1-M27 Subclone, among Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Wastewater.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Proteomic analysis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in neutral and alkaline conditions.BMC microbiology · 2017Article
- Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2016Review
- The LT1 and LT2 variants of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) heat-labile toxin (LT) are associated with major ETEC lineages.Gut microbes · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. ETEC-mediated diarrhea is orchestrated by heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxins (STp and STh), acting in concert with a repertoire of more than 25 colonization factors (CFs). LT, the major virulence factor, induces fluid secretion after delivery of a monomeric ADP-ribosylase (LTA) and its pentameric carrier B subunit (LTB). A study of ETEC isolates from humans in Brazil reported the existence of natural LT variants. In the present study, analysis of predicted amino acid sequences showed that the LT amino acid polymorphisms are associated with a geographically and temporally diverse set of 192 clinical ETEC strains and identified 12 novel LT variants. Twenty distinct LT amino acid variants were observed in the globally distributed strains, and phylogenetic analysis showed these to be associated with different CF profiles. Notably, the most prevalent LT1 allele variants were correlated with major ETEC lineages expressing CS1 + CS3 or CS2 + CS3, and the most prevalent LT2 allele variants were correlated with major ETEC lineages expressing CS5 + CS6 or CFA/I. LTB allele variants generally exhibited more-stringent amino acid sequence conservation (2 substitutions identified) than LTA allele variants (22 substitutions identified). The functional impact of LT1 and LT2 polymorphisms on virulence was investigated by measuring total-toxin production, secretion, and stability using GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (GM1-ELISA) and in silico protein modeling. Our data show that LT2 strains produce 5-fold more toxin than LT1 strains (P < 0.001), which may suggest greater virulence potential for this genetic variant. Our data suggest that functionally distinct LT-CF variants with increased fitness have persisted during the evolution of ETEC and have spread globally.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.