ArticlePharmacoEconomics2015
Costs of health resource utilization among HIV-positive individuals in British Columbia, Canada: results from a population-level study.
Article in PharmacoEconomics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cost-Effectiveness of the 'One4All' HIV Linkage Intervention in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Antiretroviral utilization and adherence before vs. after expansion of a provincial drug insurance policy.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- "Our needs, our priorities, listen to us!" recommendations for improving HIV prevention and the cascade of care from people living with HIV in Manitoba, Canada: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
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- Article
- Prospective association of social circumstance, socioeconomic, lifestyle and mental health factors with subsequent hospitalisation over 6-7 year follow up in people living with HIV.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Geographic variation in the costs of medical care for people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- The Management of Newly Diagnosed HIV in a Sudanese Refugee in Canada: Commentary and Review of Literature.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2019Review
- Health Care Provider Utilization and Cost of an mHealth Intervention in Vulnerable People Living With HIV in Vancouver, Canada: Prospective Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2018Article
- The Cost-Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Treatment Engagement Initiatives in British Columbia, Canada: 2011-2013.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Informing Targeted Interventions to Optimize the Cascade of HIV Care Using Cluster Analyses of Health Resource Use Among People Living with HIV/AIDS.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- A Population-Based Study of Care at the End of Life Among People With HIV in Ontario From 2010 to 2013.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Cost-effectiveness of population-level expansion of highly active antiretroviral treatment for HIV in British Columbia, Canada: a modelling study.The lancet. HIV · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThrough delayed HIV disease progression, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may reduce direct medical costs, thus at least partially offsetting therapy costs. Recent findings regarding the secondary preventive benefits of HAART necessitate careful consideration of funding allocations for HIV/AIDS care. Our objective is to estimate non-HAART direct medical costs at different levels of disease progression and over time in British Columbia, Canada.
methodsWe considered the population of individuals with HIV/AIDS within a set of linked disease registries and health administrative databases (N = 11,836) from 1996 to 2010. Costs of hospitalization, physician billing, diagnostic testing and non-HAART medications were calculated in 2010 Canadian dollars. Effects of covariates on quarterly costs were assessed with a two-part model with logit for probability of non-zero costs and a generalized linear model (GLM). Net effects of CD4 strata on direct non-HAART medical costs were evaluated over time during the study period.
resultsCompared with person-quarters in which CD4 >500/mm(3), costs were Can$185 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 132-239) greater for CD4 350-500/mm(3), Can$441 (95 % CI 366-516) greater for CD4 200-350/mm(3) and Can$1,173 (95 % CI 1,051-1,294) greater when CD4 <200/mm(3). Prior to HIV care initiation, individuals incurred costs Can$385 (95 % CI 283-487) greater than in periods with CD4 >500/mm(3). Hospitalization comprised the majority of the increment in costs amongst those with no measured CD4. Evaluated at CD4 state conditional means, those with CD4 <200/mm(3) incurred quarterly costs of Can$5,781 (95 % CI 4,716-6,846) versus Can$1,307 (95 % CI 1,154-1,460; p < 0.001) for CD4 ≥500/mm(3) in 2010.
conclusionNon-HAART direct medical costs were substantially lower for individuals during periods of sustained virologic suppression and high CD4 count. HIV treatment and prevention evaluations require detailed health resource use data to inform funding allocation decisions.
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