ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA is mainly transported by diffusion in the presence or absence of Gag protein.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of HIV-1 Gag and genomic RNA interactions in virion assembly.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
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- Fluorogenic RNA-based biomaterials for imaging and tracking the cargo of extracellular vesicles.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Studying Retroviral Life Cycles Using Visible Viruses and Live Cell Imaging.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- HIV-1 RNA genome packaging: it's G-rated.mBio · 2024Review
- Single-Virion Analysis: A Method to Visualize HIV-1 Particle Content Using Fluorescence Microscopy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Adaptation of HIV-1/HIV-2 Chimeras with Defects in Genome Packaging and Viral Replication.mBio · 2022Article
- Partitioning of ribonucleoprotein complexes from the cellular actin cortex.Science advances · 2022Article
- Human Retrovirus Genomic RNA Packaging.Viruses · 2022Review
- Advances in HIV-1 Assembly.Viruses · 2022Review
- Review
- Visualizing Influenza A Virus vRNA Replication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Molecular Biology and Diversification of Human Retroviruses.Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Full assembly of HIV-1 particles requires assistance of the membrane curvature factor IRSp53.eLife · 2021Article
- Visualizing Rous Sarcoma Virus Genomic RNA Dimerization in the Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and at the Plasma Membrane.Viruses · 2021Article
- Specific Guanosines in the HIV-2 Leader RNA are Essential for Efficient Viral Genome Packaging.Journal of molecular biology · 2021Article
- Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution.mBio · 2020Article
- Zinc Fingers in HIV-1 Gag Precursor Are Not Equivalent for gRNA Recruitment at the Plasma Membrane.Biophysical journal · 2020Article
- Modeling of the HIV-1 Life Cycle in Productively Infected Cells to Predict Novel Therapeutic Targets.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Visualizing the translation and packaging of HIV-1 full-length RNA.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Full-length HIV-1 RNA plays a central role in viral replication by serving as the mRNA for essential viral proteins and as the genome packaged into infectious virions. Proper RNA trafficking is required for the functions of RNA and its encoded proteins; however, the mechanism by which HIV-1 RNA is transported within the cytoplasm remains undefined. Full-length HIV-1 RNA transport is further complicated when group-specific antigen (Gag) protein is expressed, because a significant portion of HIV-1 RNA may be transported as Gag-RNA complexes, whose properties could differ greatly from Gag-free RNA. In this report, we visualized HIV-1 RNA and monitored its movement in the cytoplasm by using single-molecule tracking. We observed that most of the HIV-1 RNA molecules move in a nondirectional, random-walk manner, which does not require an intact cytoskeletal structure, and that the mean-squared distance traveled by the RNA increases linearly with time, indicative of diffusive movement. We also observed that a single HIV-1 RNA molecule can move at various speeds when traveling through the cytoplasm, indicating that its movement is strongly affected by the immediate environment. To examine the effect of Gag protein on HIV-1 RNA transport, we analyzed the cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA movement in the presence of sufficient Gag for virion assembly and found that HIV-1 RNA is still transported by diffusion with mobility similar to the mobility of RNAs unable to express functional Gag. These studies define a major mechanism of HIV-1 gene expression and resolve the long-standing question of how the RNA genome is transported to the assembly site.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.