Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25404045›Full record

ReviewCritical reviews in immunology2014

NK cells and their ability to modulate T cells during virus infections.

Kevin D Cook, Stephen N Waggoner, Jason K Whitmire

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Critical reviews in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Immune system evaluation of Echinacea Purpurea root extract in female Harlan Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Umbilical cord blood-derived natural killer cells:Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026
    Article
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  12. Review
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  19. Review
  20. Off-the-shelf allogeneic natural killer cells for the treatment of COVID-19.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024
    Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kevin D CookDepartment of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA.
Stephen N WaggonerCenter for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
Jason K WhitmireDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · US

Funding

BASIC IMMUNE MECHANISMST32AI007273 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI TISCH, ROLAND M · 1985 to 2020
$5.6M
Analyses of the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on CD4+ T cell responsesR01AI074862 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI WHITMIRE, JASON KYLE · 2008 to 2012
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI074862NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007273
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are important in protection against virus infections, and many viruses have evolved mechanisms to thwart NK cell activity. NK cells respond to inflammatory signals at an early stage of virus infection, resulting in proliferation, cytokine production, and cytolytic activity that can reduce virus loads. Moreover, the rapid kinetics of the NK cell response enables NK cells to influence other populations of innate immune cells, affect the inflammatory milieu, and guide adaptive immune responses to infection. Early NK cell interactions with other leukocytes can have long-lasting effects on the number and quality of memory T cells, as well as impact the exhaustion of T cells during chronic infections. The ability of NK cells to modulate T cell responses can be mediated through direct T-NK interactions, cytokine production, or indirectly through dendritic cells and other cell types. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of how NK cells interact with T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and other cell types involved in adaptive immune responses to virus infection. We outline several mechanisms by which NK cells enhance or suppress adaptive immune response and long-lived immunological memory.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityAnimalsCell CommunicationCytokinesHumansImmunity, InnateImmunologic MemoryImmunomodulationKiller Cells, NaturalT-LymphocytesVirus DiseasesCytokines

Identifiers

PMID25404045
PMCPMC4266186
OpenAlexW2075900679

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.