ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2015
MUNC, a long noncoding RNA that facilitates the function of MyoD in skeletal myogenesis.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developmental expression of the skeletal muscle determination gene,bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Enhancers integrate microenvironmental signals in muscle stem cells during regeneration in health, disease, and aging.Skeletal muscle · 2026Review
- A novel TAp63γ-Airn regulatory axis governs early myogenic gene networks.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) maintains muscle progenitor identity by stabilizing the Ppp1r1b-lncRNA-PRC2 complex.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Deciphering the regulatory landscape of enhancer RNAs in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Understanding lncRNAs: key regulators of myogenesis and lipogenesis in farm animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
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- Calorie restriction and rapamycin distinctly restore non-canonical ORF translation in the muscles of aging mice.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the Integrated Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in Regulating the Transcriptional Response to Amino Acids and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 in Gilthead Sea Bream (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
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- Roles of super enhancers and enhancer RNAs in skeletal muscle development and disease.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Review
- LncRNA XLOC_015548 affects the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts via the MAPK signaling pathway.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Enhancer RNAs in transcriptional regulation: recent insights.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Review
- Identification and Characterization of lncRNAs Expression Profile Related to Goat Skeletal Muscle at Different Development Stages.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Natural antisense RNA Foxk1-AS promotes myogenic differentiation by inhibiting Foxk1 activity.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- Time-Series Clustering of lncRNA-mRNA Expression during the Adipogenic Transdifferentiation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- LncRNAInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Distinct MUNC lncRNA structural domains regulate transcription of different promyogenic factors.Cell reports · 2022Article
- The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Development and Function of Gilthead Sea Bream (Cells · 2022Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An in silico screen for myogenic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) revealed nine lncRNAs that are upregulated more than 10-fold in myotubes versus levels in myoblasts. One of these lncRNAs, MyoD upstream noncoding (MUNC, also known as DRR(eRNA)), is encoded 5 kb upstream of the transcription start site of MyoD, a myogenic transcription factor gene. MUNC is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and exists as in unspliced and spliced isoforms, and its 5' end overlaps with the cis-acting distal regulatory region (DRR) of MyoD. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) of MUNC reduced myoblast differentiation and specifically reduced the association of MyoD to the DRR enhancer and myogenin promoter but not to another MyoD-dependent enhancer. Stable overexpression of MUNC from a heterologous promoter increased endogenous MyoD, Myogenin, and Myh3 (myosin heavy chain, [MHC] gene) mRNAs but not the cognate proteins, suggesting that MUNC can act in trans to promote gene expression but that this activity does not require an induction of MyoD protein. MUNC also stimulates the transcription of other genes that are not recognized as MyoD-inducible genes. Knockdown of MUNC in vivo impaired murine muscle regeneration, implicating MUNC in primary satellite cell differentiation in the animal. We also discovered a human MUNC that is induced during differentiation of myoblasts and whose knockdown decreases differentiation, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved role of MUNC lncRNA in myogenesis. Although MUNC overlaps with the DRR enhancer, our results suggest that MUNC is not a classic cis-acting enhancer RNA (e-RNA) acting exclusively by stimulating the neighboring MyoD gene but more like a promyogenic lncRNA that acts directly or indirectly on multiple promoters to increase myogenic gene expression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.