Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25402337›Full record

Trial reportPsychology and aging2014

Training versus engagement as paths to cognitive enrichment with aging.

Elizabeth A L Stine-Morrow, Brennan R Payne, Brent W Roberts, Arthur F Kramer, Daniel G Morrow, Laura Payne, Patrick L Hill, Joshua J Jackson, Xuefei Gao, Soo Rim Noh and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychology and aging, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05672771 (The Effects of Mixed Working Memory Training on Subsequent Training Gains Among Older Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05672771 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

The Effects of Mixed Working Memory Training on Subsequent Training Gains Among Older Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignRan2020 to 2022Enrolled90ConditionsCognitive AgingArmsDifferent Mixed Condition (DM), Different Single Condition (DS), Same Task (ST) Practice Control, Non-WM Placebo Control (PC)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  10. Can Intraindividual Variability in Cognitive Speed Be Reduced by Physical Exercise? Results From the LIFE Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2019
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  11. Variety of Enriching Early-Life Activities Linked to Late-Life Cognitive Functioning in Urban Community-Dwelling African Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Elizabeth A L Stine-MorrowDepartment of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois.
Brennan R PayneDepartment of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois.ORCID 0000-0001-6732-6599
Brent W RobertsDepartment of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois.
Arthur F KramerDepartment of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois.
Daniel G MorrowDepartment of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois.
Laura PayneDepartment of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois.
Patrick L HillDepartment of Psychology, Carleton University.
Joshua J JacksonDepartment of Psychology, Washington University.
Xuefei GaoPsychology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.
Soo Rim NohCreative Design Institute, Sungkyunkwan University.
Megan C JankeDepartment of Recreation and Leisure Studies, East Carolina University.
Jeanine M ParisiBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University.

Funding

The Senior Odyssey: A Test of the Engagement Hypothesis of Cognitive AgingR01AG029475 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI STINE-MORROW, ELIZABETH A L · 2007 to 2011
$2.8M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG029475
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While a training model of cognitive intervention targets the improvement of particular skills through instruction and practice, an engagement model is based on the idea that being embedded in an intellectually and socially complex environment can impact cognition, perhaps even broadly, without explicit instruction. We contrasted these 2 models of cognitive enrichment by randomly assigning healthy older adults to a home-based inductive reasoning training program, a team-based competitive program in creative problem solving, or a wait-list control. As predicted, those in the training condition showed selective improvement in inductive reasoning. Those in the engagement condition, on the other hand, showed selective improvement in divergent thinking, a key ability exercised in creative problem solving. On average, then, both groups appeared to show ability-specific effects. However, moderators of change differed somewhat for those in the engagement and training interventions. Generally, those who started either intervention with a more positive cognitive profile showed more cognitive growth, suggesting that cognitive resources enabled individuals to take advantage of environmental enrichment. Only in the engagement condition did initial levels of openness and social network size moderate intervention effects on cognition, suggesting that comfort with novelty and an ability to manage social resources may be additional factors contributing to the capacity to take advantage of the environmental complexity associated with engagement. Collectively, these findings suggest that training and engagement models may offer alternative routes to cognitive resilience in late life.

Indexed as

EnvironmentHuman ActivitiesSocial SupportAgedAged, 80 and overAgingBiomedical EnhancementCognitionCompetitive BehaviorFemaleGroup ProcessesHumansLogicMaleMiddle AgedModels, Psychological

Identifiers

PMID25402337
PMCPMC4361254

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.