ArticleJournal of epidemiology2015
Smoking and diabetes: is the association mediated by adiponectin, leptin, or C-reactive protein?
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of periodontal treatment on adipokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.Journal of periodontology · 2026Pooled it
- Association of serum leptin and ghrelin levels with smoking status on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Japan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology · 2017Pooled it
- Adiponectin Potentially Contributes to the Antidepressive Effects of Baduanjin Qigong Exercise in Women With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Like Illness.Cell transplantation · 2017Trial
- Metabolic Changes Following Smoking Cessation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- A nomogram model for predicting 5-year risk of prediabetes in Chinese adults.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Interpretable machine learning analysis to identify risk factors for diabetes using the anonymous living census data of Japan.Health and technology · 2023Article
- Association between percentage of smokers and prevalence of smoking attributable morbidity in Indonesia: one decade after implementation of smoke-free area regulation.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The Effect of Smoking Cessation on Body Weight and Other Metabolic Parameters with Focus on People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2022Article
- Avoid clinical inertia: Importance of asking and advising patients with diabetes who smoke about quitting.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021Article
- Risk and population attributable fraction of metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose for the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Japanese individuals: Aichi Worker's Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Article
- Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Article
- Pathobiological mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome (MetS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): clinical significance and therapeutic strategies.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2019Review
- Associations of nicotine dependence and fat distribution in Chinese male adults: a cross-sectional study in Lanxi, China.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Smoking results in accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2019Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the association between cigarette smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes is well established, its mechanisms are yet to be clarified. This study examined the possible mediating effects of adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations on the smoking-diabetes association.
methodsBetween 2002 and 2011, we followed 3338 Japanese workers, aged 35-66 years, who were enrolled in the second Aichi workers' cohort study. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models to determine the hazard ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between smoking status and risk of diabetes. A multiple mediation model with bootstrapping was used to estimate the magnitude and the respective bias-corrected (BC) 95% CIs of the indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through the three biomarkers.
resultsRelative to never smokers, the risk of diabetes was significantly elevated in current (hazard ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.25-2.46) and ex-smokers (hazard ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.22). The indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through adiponectin levels were statistically significant among light (point estimate 0.033, BC 95% CI 0.005-0.082), moderate (point estimate 0.044, BC 95% CI 0.010-0.094), and heavy smokers (point estimate 0.054, BC 95% CI 0.013-0.113). In contrast, neither the indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through leptin nor CRP levels were significant, as the corresponding BC 95% CIs included zero.
conclusionsIn our analysis, adiponectin concentration appeared to partially mediate the effect of smoking on diabetes, while leptin and CRP levels did not.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.