ArticleClinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology2015
Levonorgestrel decreases cilia beat frequency of human fallopian tubes and rat oviducts without changing morphological structure.
Article in Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Tubal Patency Decoction and Its Ingredient β-Sitosterol Alleviate Tubal Infertility by Inhibiting Inflammation and Promoting Cilia Formation Through PGR.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- The diagnosis and management of extrauterine and uterine ectopic pregnancy.Human reproduction update · 2026Review
- Age, lifestyle, and disease affect ciliary transport in the human fallopian tube.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Enables the Depth-Resolved Measurement of Cilia Beat Frequency in Ex Vivo Human Fallopian Tubes.Lasers in surgery and medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Levonorgestrel at emergency contraception dose has no effect on ciliary beat frequency and muscular contraction of the human fallopian tube: an in vitro experimental study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Article
- A Review: Biomechanical Aspects of the Fallopian Tube Relevant to its Function in Fertility.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Hormonal regulation of cilia in the female reproductive tract.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2024Article
- Article
- The role of SK3 in progesterone-induced inhibition of human fallopian tubal contraction.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Article
- Oviductal Telocytes in Patients with Uterine Myoma.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) in the Oviduct: Roles in Fertilization and Early Embryo Development.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Repeated hyperstimulation affects the ultrastructure of mouse fallopian tube epithelium.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2020Article
- Comments on: "A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis of the Adverse Effects of Levonorgestrel Emergency Oral Contraceptive".Clinical drug investigation · 2020Article
- Roles of steroid hormones in oviductal functionReproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2020Review
- Characterization of oviduct ciliary beat frequency using real time phase resolved Doppler spectrally encoded interferometric microscopy.Biomedical optics express · 2019Article
- Chronic fetal hypoxia disrupts the peri-conceptual environment in next-generation adult female rats.The Journal of physiology · 2019Article
- TRPV4 is involved in levonorgestrel-induced reduction in oviduct ciliary beating.The Journal of pathology · 2019Article
- Effects of pelvic endometriosis and adenomyosis on ciliary beat frequency and muscular contractions in the human fallopian tube.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Levonorgestrel, a derivative of progesterone, effectively protects women against unwanted pregnancy as an emergency contraceptive. Previous studies have not been successful in determining the mechanism by which levonorgestrel acts. In the present study we analysed cilia beat action and cilia morphology following levonorgestrel exposure in vitro and in vivo using both light and electron microscopy. There was a significant decrease in the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human fallopian tubes between mucosal explants bathed in 5 μmol/L levonorgestrel and those bathed in medium alone (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for CBF to decrease more in the ampulla than in isthmus, but there were no differences between the proliferative and secretory phases. In rat oviducts, levonorgestrel produced a similar reduction in CBF (~ 10%) compared with the saline control group (P < 0.05). Histological and ultrastructural analysis demonstrated no changes in the percentage of ciliated cells or in the classic '9 + 2' structure of cilia following levonorgestrel treatment in either system. Thus, levonorgestrel reduces CBF without damaging cilia morphology. Decreases in CBF may indicate a pathological role for levonorgestrel in the transportation of the ovum and zygote in the fallopian tube.
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