Trial reportJournal of the International AIDS Society2014
The disproportionate burden of HIV and STIs among male sex workers in Mexico City and the rationale for economic incentives to reduce risks.
Trial report in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Unconditional cash transfers for reducing poverty and vulnerabilities: effect on use of health services and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Unconditional cash transfers for reducing poverty and vulnerabilities: effect on use of health services and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Punto Seguro: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Using Conditional Economic Incentives to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infection Risks in Mexico.AIDS and behavior · 2017Trial
- Health Status and Use of Healthcare Services of Undocumented Migrant Sex Workers in Catalonia: A Descriptive Study Using Administrative Registries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to scaling up access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among key populations: A qualitative study of the incentive-based PrEP Seguro program in Mexico.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2023Article
- Mediation of the Effect of Incarceration on Selling Sex Among Black Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women in the HPTN 061 Study.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Burden of Disease of Gonorrhoea in Latin America: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Incidence and time-varying predictors of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers in Mexico City.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Article
- Perceived risk and condomless sex practice with commercial and non-commercial sexual partners of male migrant sex workers in London, UK.F1000Research · 2021Article
- "I Couldn't Afford to Resist": Condom Negotiations Between Male Sex Workers and Male Clients in Mombasa, Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Social Capital Moderates the Relationship Between Stigma and Sexual Risk Among Male Sex Workers in the US Northeast.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- "I Do Try To Use Condoms, But…": Knowledge and Interest in PrEP Among Male Sex Workers in Mexico City.Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- Conditional economic incentives to improve HIV prevention and treatment in low-income and middle-income countries.The lancet. HIV · 2019Review
- The Relationship Between Psychological Temporal Perspective and HIV/STI Risk Behaviors Among Male Sex Workers in Mexico City.Archives of sexual behavior · 2018Article
- Association of individual and systemic barriers to optimal medical care in people living with HIV/AIDS in Miami-Dade County.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- The dollars and sense of economic incentives to modify HIV-related behaviours.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Building our youth for the future.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe objective of this article is to present the rationale and baseline results for a randomized controlled pilot trial using economic incentives to reduce HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk among male sex workers (MSWs) in Mexico City.
methodsParticipants (n=267) were tested and treated for STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and HIV) and viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), received HIV and STI prevention education and were randomized into four groups: (1) control, (2) medium conditional incentive ($50/six months), (3) high conditional incentive ($75/six months) and (4) unconditional incentive ($50/six months). In the conditional arms, incentives were contingent upon testing free of new curable STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) at follow-up assessments.
resultsParticipants' mean age was 25 years; 8% were homeless or lived in a shelter, 16% were unemployed and 21% lived in Mexico City less than 5 years. At baseline, 38% were living with HIV, and 32% tested positive for viral hepatitis or at least one STI (other than HIV). Participants had a mean of five male clients in the previous week; 18% reported condomless sex with their last client. For 37%, sex work was their main occupation and was conducted mainly on the streets (51%) or in bars/discotheques (24%) and hotels (24%). The average price for a sex transaction was $25 with a 35% higher payment for condomless sex.
conclusionsThe findings suggest that economic incentives are a relevant approach for HIV prevention among MSWs, given the market-based inducements for unprotected sex. This type of targeted intervention seems to be justified and should continue to be explored in the context of combination prevention efforts.
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