Trial reportCirculation. Heart failure2015
Risk of heart failure among postmenopausal women: a secondary analysis of the randomized trial of vitamin D plus calcium of the women's health initiative.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Circulation. Heart failure, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00000611 (Women's Health Initiative), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women's Health Initiative (WHI)
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes mellitus and risk of new-onset and recurrent heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Monthly High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Disease in the Vitamin D Assessment Study : A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA cardiology · 2017Trial
- Vitamin D-Parathyroid Hormone-Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Axis and Cardiac Remodeling.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2025Review
- Assessment of the Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Level and Its Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2025Review
- Adherence to an antioxidant diet and lifestyle is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update.Cureus · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements: A Narrative Review.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Review
- Contributions of the Women's Health Initiative to Cardiovascular Research: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Identifying knowledge gaps in heart failure research among women using unsupervised machine-learning methods.Future cardiology · 2021Article
- Effects of vitamin supplements on clinical cardiovascular outcomes: Time to move on! - A comprehensive review.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Review
- Article
- Vitamin D and Ischaemic Heart Disease: A Casual or A Causal Association? : Commentary on: "Raslan E et al. Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Chronic Stable Angina: A Case-Control Study".High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2019Article
- Assessing Causality in Associations of Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels With Heart Failure: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- Intake of Different Dietary Proteins and Risk of Heart Failure in Men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.Circulation. Heart failure · 2018Article
- Vitamin D deficiency and degree of coronary artery luminal stenosis in women undergoing coronary angiography: a prospective observational study.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2018Article
- Role of Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Diseases.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2017Review
- Vitamin D and Heart Failure.Current heart failure reports · 2017Review
- Vitamin-D concentrations, cardiovascular risk and events - a review of epidemiological evidence.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Macarius M DonneyongFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.). mdonneyong@partners.org.
Carlton A HornungFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
Kira C TaylorFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
Richard N BaumgartnerFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
John A MyersFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
Charles B EatonFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
Eiran Z GorodeskiFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
Liviu KleinFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
Lisa W MartinFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
James M ShikanyFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
Yiqing SongFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
Wenjun LiFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
JoAnn E MansonFrom the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (M.M.D.) and Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY (M.M.D., C.A.H., K.C.T., R.N.B.); Department of Family Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (C.B.E.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.Z.G.); Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (L.K.); Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC (L.W.M.); Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (J.M.S.); Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis (Y.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (W.L.).
University of Alabama at Birmingham · USBrown University · USCleveland Clinic · USIndiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis · USGeorge Washington University · USHarvard University · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · US
Funding
The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)R01CA138962 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BURING, JULIE E., MANSON, JOANN ELISABETH · 2015 to 2019
$20.9MVANGUARD CENTER FOR WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVEN01WH032109 · WH · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI MANSON, JOANN ELISABETH · 1993 to 2000
$401kNCI NIH HHS R01 CA138962NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100046CNIA NIH HHS HHSN271201100004CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004CWHI NIH HHS N01 WH032109
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D supplementation may be an inexpensive intervention to reduce heart failure (HF) incidence. However, there are insufficient data to support this hypothesis. This study evaluates whether vitamin D plus calcium (CaD) supplementation is associated with lower rates of HF in postmenopausal women and whether the effects differ between those at high versus low risk for HF. METHODS AND
resultsAnalyses were restricted to 35 983 (of original 36 282) women aged 50 to 79 years old in the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial of CaD supplementation who were randomized 1:1 in a double-blinded fashion to receive 1000 mg/d of calcium plus 400 IU/d of vitamin D3 or placebo. Overall, 744 adjudicated incident HF cases (intervention, 363; control, 381) occurred during a median follow-up of 7.1 (interquartile range, 1.6) years. CaD supplementation, compared with placebo, was not associated with reduced HF risk in the overall population, hazard ratio, 0.95; P=0.46. However, CaD supplementation had differential effects (P interaction=0.005) in subgroups stratified by baseline risk status of HF defined by the presence (high risk=17 449) or absence (low risk=18 534) of pre-existing HF precursors including coronary heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension: 37% (hazard ratio, 0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.87]) lower risk of HF in the low-risk versus hazard ratio, 1.06; P=0.51, in the high-risk subgroups.
conclusionsCaD supplementation did not significantly reduce HF incidence in the overall cohort, however, it was beneficial among postmenopausal women without major HF precursors while of little value in high-risk subgroups. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanism. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
Indexed as
Dietary SupplementsPostmenopauseWomen's HealthAgedCalcium, DietaryExerciseExercise TestFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeart FailureHemodynamicsHumansMiddle AgedProspective StudiesTreatment OutcomeVitamin DCalcium, DietaryVitamin DVitaminscalciumclinical trialheart failurevitamin Dwomen
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What OpenQuestion holds
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Registered trials
NCT00000611ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.