ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Ecological succession and viability of human-associated microbiota on restroom surfaces.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Microbiota of the indoor environment: a meta-analysis.Microbiome · 2015Pooled it
- Multidimensional Profiles of Microbial Contamination and Hygiene Risk Across Functional Areas in Family Hotels.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cleaning reshapes bacterial communities in public toilets through disturbance and random reassembly.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative Metagenomic Studies Reveal Different Evolutionary Directions of Synthetic Indoor Microbial Communities Under Different Nutritional Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- The indoors microbiome and human health.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Biocontrol in built environments to reduce pathogen exposure and infection risk.The ISME journal · 2024Review
- Abundance and diversity of methicillin-resistant bacteria from bathroom surfaces at workplaces using CHROMagar media, 16S, and dnaJ gene sequence typing.International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics · 2024Article
- Built environment microbiomes transition from outdoor to human-associated communities after construction and commissioning.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Microbiota Profiling on Veterinary Faculty Restroom Surfaces and Source Tracking.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Highly host-linked viromes in the built environment possess habitat-dependent diversity and functions for potential virus-host coevolution.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The Skin Microbiome: Current Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Bacterial viability in the built environment of the home.PloS one · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the microbial reduction efficacy and perception of use of an ozonized water spray disinfection technology.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Microbial Tracking-2, a metagenomics analysis of bacteria and fungi onboard the International Space Station.Microbiome · 2022Article
- The sanitary indoor environment-a potential source for intact human-associated anaerobes.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2022Article
- Germi-X herbal-based spray disinfects smartphone surfaces: implication on fomite-mediated infection spread.AMB Express · 2022Article
- Spaceflight Virology: What Do We Know about Viral Threats in the Spaceflight Environment?Astrobiology · 2022Review
- Early development of the skin microbiome: therapeutic opportunities.Pediatric research · 2021Review
- Genome-resolved metagenomics using environmental and clinical samples.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2021Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human-associated bacteria dominate the built environment (BE). Following decontamination of floors, toilet seats, and soap dispensers in four public restrooms, in situ bacterial communities were characterized hourly, daily, and weekly to determine their successional ecology. The viability of cultivable bacteria, following the removal of dispersal agents (humans), was also assessed hourly. A late-successional community developed within 5 to 8 h on restroom floors and showed remarkable stability over weeks to months. Despite late-successional dominance by skin- and outdoor-associated bacteria, the most ubiquitous organisms were predominantly gut-associated taxa, which persisted following exclusion of humans. Staphylococcus represented the majority of the cultivable community, even after several hours of human exclusion. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-associated virulence genes were found on floors but were not present in assembled Staphylococcus pan-genomes. Viral abundances, which were predominantly enterophages, human papilloma virus, and herpesviruses, were significantly correlated with bacterial abundances and showed an unexpectedly low virus-to-bacterium ratio in surface-associated samples, suggesting that bacterial hosts are mostly dormant on BE surfaces.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.