SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2014
Sodium-to-potassium ratio and blood pressure, hypertension, and related factors.
Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 336 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of baseline potassium intake on the dose-response relation between sodium reduction and blood pressure change: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Pooled it
- Sodium and Potassium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in Older People: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis of Individuals of European Ancestry Identifies Suggestive Loci for Sodium Intake, Potassium Intake, and Their Ratio Measured from 24-Hour or Half-Day Urine Samples.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Nutraceuticals with a clinically detectable blood pressure-lowering effect: a review of available randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Pooled it
- Sodium reduction is the key ingredient in dietary treatment of hypertension - a randomized controlled trial on sodium, potassium and nitrate.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Trial
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of ICT-based Interventions for Sodium and Potassium Regulation in Healthy Adults.American journal of hypertension · 2025Trial
- Self-Performed Dietary Sodium Reduction and Blood Pressure in Patients With Essential Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Blood pressure variation and ultra-processed food consumption in children with obesity.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Impact of a sodium-reduced bread intervention with and without dietary counseling on sodium intake-a cluster randomized controlled trial among Danish families.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Effect of salt substitution on community-wide blood pressure and hypertension incidence.Nature medicine · 2020Trial
- Effect of individualised dietary advice for weight loss supplemented with walnuts on blood pressure: the HealthTrack study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Trial
- Effectiveness of a Self-monitoring Device for Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio on Dietary Improvement in Free-Living Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of epidemiology · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Dietary Quality Along a Plant-Based Continuum: The Role of Added Salt, Oil, and Sugar in Chronic Disease Risk.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Dietary Green Leafy Vegetables and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Synergistic Effects of Normal-Range Serum Sodium and Potassium on Mortality: The Modifying Role of Inflammation From a NHANES Cohort Analysis.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Association of dietary diversity measured by the number of dishes with cardiovascular risk factors among Japanese adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2018-19.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Prediction of future development of hypertension in the general population using urinary Na/K ratio.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The potential cost-effectiveness and feasibility of dietary interventions aimed at reducing hypertension risk are of considerable interest and significance in public health. In particular, the effectiveness of restricted sodium or increased potassium intake on mitigating hypertension risk has been demonstrated in clinical and observational research. The role that modified sodium or potassium intake plays in influencing the renin-angiotensin system, arterial stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction remains of interest in current research. Up to the present date, no known systematic review has examined whether the sodium-to-potassium ratio or either sodium or potassium alone is more strongly associated with blood pressure and related factors, including the renin-angiotensin system, arterial stiffness, the augmentation index, and endothelial dysfunction, in humans. This article presents a systematic review and synthesis of the randomized controlled trials and observational research related to this issue. The main findings show that, among the randomized controlled trials reviewed, the sodium-to-potassium ratio appears to be more strongly associated with blood pressure outcomes than either sodium or potassium alone in hypertensive adult populations. Recent data from the observational studies reviewed provide additional support for the sodium-to-potassium ratio as a superior metric to either sodium or potassium alone in the evaluation of blood pressure outcomes and incident hypertension. It remains unclear whether this is true in normotensive populations and in children and for related outcomes including the renin-angiotensin system, arterial stiffness, the augmentation index, and endothelial dysfunction. Future study in these populations is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.