ArticleTobacco control2016
Secondhand smoke exposure and serum cotinine levels among current smokers in the USA.
Article in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Adult Smoking Behavior on Children's Exposure to Secondhand Smoke. An Analysis Based on Salivary Cotinine Levels Among Children in Dhaka and Karachi.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Combination Extended Smoking Cessation Treatment Plus Home Visits for Smokers With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Trial
- Serum human epididymis protein 4 and long-term mortality in U.S. women: a nationally representative cohort study.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Examining the Relationships Between Blood Cadmium, DNA Methylation Biomarker, Telomere Length, and Their Associations with Mortality in U.S. Adults.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cadmium exposure, epigenetic modifications, and serum cystatin C: insights into mediated pathways and mortality risks in U.S. adults.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Trends in the prevalence and factors associated with indoor smoking in 24 countries Party to the WHO FCTC: implications for equitable policy implementation.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of tobacco smoke exposure on earlyonset osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2020.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Associations of Serum Cystatin C, DNAm Cystatin C, Renal Function, and Mortality in U.S. Adults.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Adapting a Financial Incentives Intervention for Smoking Cessation With Alaska Native Families: Phase 1 Qualitative Research to Inform the Aniqsaaq (To Breathe) Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Association between tobacco smoke exposure and serum parathyroid hormone levels among US adults (NHANES 2003-2006).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Altered platelet reactivity, coagulation, endothelial and inflammatory markers early after smoking cessation verified with cotinine plasma concentration.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2023Article
- Aniqsaaq (To Breathe): Study protocol to develop and evaluate an Alaska Native family-based financial incentive intervention for smoking cessation.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2023Article
- Cotinine as a Sentinel of Canine Exposure to Tobacco Smoke.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The Association Between Smoking and Renal Function in People Over 20 Years Old.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Associations of biomarkers for exposure to tobacco smoke with lung cancer risk in Korea.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2022Article
- Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: Inconsistency between Self-Response and Urine Cotinine Biomarker Based on Korean National Data during 2009-2018.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Identifying the Best Questions for Rapid Screening of Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Children.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Copper associates with differential methylation in placentae from two US birth cohorts.Epigenetics · 2020Article
- Haem iron intake and risk of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
- Acute pulmonary effects of aerosolized nicotine.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSecondhand smoke (SHS) likely provides additional exposure to nicotine and toxins for smokers, but has been understudied. Our objective was to determine whether SHS exposure among smokers yields detectable differences in cotinine levels compared with unexposed smokers at the population level.
methodsUsing the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 1999-2012, we compared serum cotinine levels of 4547 current adult cigarette smokers stratified by self-reported SHS exposure sources (home and/or work) and smoking intensity. A weighted multivariable linear regression model determined the association between SHS exposure and cotinine levels among smokers.
resultsSmokers with SHS exposure at home (43.8%) had higher cotinine levels (β=0.483, p≤0.001) compared with those with no SHS exposure at home after controlling for the number of cigarettes smoked per day and number of days smoked in the previous 5 days, survey year, age, gender and education. Smokers with SHS exposure at work (20.0%) did not have significantly higher cotinine levels after adjustment. The adjusted geometric mean cotinine levels of light smokers (1-9 cigarettes per day) with no SHS exposure, exposure at work only, home only, and both home and work were 52.0, 62.7, 67.2, 74.4 ng/mL, respectively, compared with 219.4, 220.9, 255.2, 250.5 ng/mL among moderate/heavy smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day).
conclusionsSmokers living in residences where others smoke inside the home had significantly higher cotinine levels than smokers reporting no SHS exposure, regardless of individual smoking intensity. Future research should target the role that SHS exposure may have in nicotine dependence, cessation outcomes and other health impacts among smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.