Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25398427›Full record

ReviewThe AAPS journal2015

Physicochemical and formulation developability assessment for therapeutic peptide delivery--a primer.

Annette Bak, Dennis Leung, Stephanie E Barrett, Seth Forster, Ellen C Minnihan, Andrew W Leithead, James Cunningham, Nathalie Toussaint, Louis S Crocker

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The AAPS journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Regulatory Guidelines for the Analysis of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Efficient Cytotoxicity of Recombinant Azurin inBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Annette BakDiscovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA, annette_bak@merck.com.
Dennis Leung
Stephanie E Barrett
Seth Forster
Ellen C Minnihan
Andrew W Leithead
James Cunningham
Nathalie Toussaint
Louis S Crocker

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Peptides are an important class of endogenous ligands that regulate key biological cascades. As such, peptides represent a promising therapeutic class with the potential to alleviate many severe disease states. Despite their therapeutic potential, peptides frequently pose drug delivery challenges to scientists. This review introduces the physicochemical, biophysical, biopharmaceutical, and formulation developability aspects of peptides pertinent to the drug discovery-to-development interface. It introduces the relevance of these properties with respect to the delivery modalities available for peptide pharmaceuticals, with the parenteral route being the most prevalent route of administration. This review also presents characterization strategies for oral delivery of peptides with the aim of illuminating developability issues with the drug candidate. A brief overview of other routes of administration, including inhaled, transdermal, and intranasal routes, is provided as these routes are generally preferred by patients over injectables. Finally, this review presents formulation techniques to mitigate some of the developability obstacles associated with peptide delivery. The authors emphasize opportunities for the thoughtful application of pharmaceutical science to the development of peptide drugs and to the general advancement of this promising class of pharmaceuticals.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsDrug DesignChemistry, PharmaceuticalDrug Administration RoutesHumansPatient PreferencePeptidesPeptides

Identifiers

PMID25398427
PMCPMC4287299

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.