Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25398355›Full record

ArticleMethods in enzymology2014

Protein engineering of Cas9 for enhanced function.

Benjamin L Oakes, Dana C Nadler, David F Savage

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Methods in enzymology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Exploring the deletion landscape ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Benjamin L OakesDepartment of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Dana C NadlerDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
David F SavageDepartment of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. Electronic address: savage@berkeley.edu.

Funding

Univ of Calif Berkeley Chemistry-Biology Interface ProgramT32GM066698 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI CHANG, CHRISTOPHER J., FRANCIS, MATTHEW B · 2004 to 2023
$7.5M
Fluorescent biosensors for metabolite imaging in live cellsDP2EB018658 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI SAVAGE, DAVID FRANK · 2013 to 2013
$2.2M
NIBIB NIH HHS DP2 EB018658NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM066698
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CRISPR/Cas systems act to protect the cell from invading nucleic acids in many bacteria and archaea. The bacterial immune protein Cas9 is a component of one of these CRISPR/Cas systems and has recently been adapted as a tool for genome editing. Cas9 is easily targeted to bind and cleave a DNA sequence via a complementary RNA; this straightforward programmability has gained Cas9 rapid acceptance in the field of genetic engineering. While this technology has developed quickly, a number of challenges regarding Cas9 specificity, efficiency, fusion protein function, and spatiotemporal control within the cell remain. In this work, we develop a platform for constructing novel proteins to address these open questions. We demonstrate methods to either screen or select active Cas9 mutants and use the screening technique to isolate functional Cas9 variants with a heterologous PDZ domain inserted within the protein. As a proof of concept, these methods lay the groundwork for the future construction of diverse Cas9 proteins. Straightforward and accessible techniques for genetic editing are helping to elucidate biology in new and exciting ways; a platform to engineer new functionalities into Cas9 will help forge the next generation of genome-modifying tools.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceBacteriaBase SequenceCRISPR-Associated ProteinsCRISPR-Cas SystemsDeoxyribonuclease IModels, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataMutationPDZ DomainsProtein ConformationProtein EngineeringStreptococcus pyogenesCRISPR-Associated ProteinsDeoxyribonuclease IaTCBHCas9CRISPRcrRNAdCas9DNAEMFACSGene activation/repressionGenome editingGFPHRIPTGIT dCas9LBNHEJNUCNucleasePAMPDZPIProtein engineeringRECRFPRNAsgRNASOBSOCSpCas9ssDNASynthetic biologytracrRNAWT dCas9

Identifiers

PMID25398355
PMCPMC4641071

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.