ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
Lipocalin 2 imparts selective pressure on bacterial growth in the bladder and is elevated in women with urinary tract infection.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms: possible translational links.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Urinary tract infections in children.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Ferrichrome: bacterial function, synthetic mimics, and biomedical applications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Urinary antimicrobial peptides and cytokines as biomarkers for recurrent urinary tract infection in children and adolescents.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Preoperative Pyuria as a Predictor of False-Positive Rates in the Photodynamic Diagnosis of Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Using Oral 5-Aminolevulinic Acid.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2025Article
- Towards precision medicine in clinical trials for the treatment of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: lessons from the MAPP Research Network.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Article
- Characterization of Mucosal Immune-Related lncRNAs and mRNAs in a Mouse Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Persistent Elevation in Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Levels Can Be a Predictor of Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence or Persistence in Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Biomarkers for urinary tract infection: present and future perspectives.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Insulin receptor orchestrates kidney antibacterial defenses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Insulin receptor signaling engages bladder urothelial defenses that limit urinary tract infection.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Recent Trends in Non-Invasive Methods of Diagnosis and Evaluation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Short Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Murine Ribonuclease 6 Limits Bacterial Dissemination during Experimental Urinary Tract Infection.Journal of innate immunity · 2024Article
- Uropathogen and host responses in pyelonephritis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Review
- Repurposing HDAC inhibitors to enhance ribonuclease 4 and 7 expression and reduce urinary tract infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Peptide LCN2 Inhibited UropathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Group 3 innate lymphocytes make a distinct contribution to type 17 immunity in bladder defence.iScience · 2022Article
- Article
- Timing is everything: impact of development, ageing and circadian rhythm on macrophage functions in urinary tract infections.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Competition for iron is a critical component of successful bacterial infections, but the underlying in vivo mechanisms are poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an innate immunity protein that binds to bacterial siderophores and starves them for iron, thus representing a novel host defense mechanism to infection. In the present study we show that LCN2 is secreted by the urinary tract mucosa and protects against urinary tract infection (UTI). We found that LCN2 was expressed in the bladder, ureters, and kidneys of mice subject to UTI. LCN2 was protective with higher bacterial numbers retrieved from bladders of Lcn2-deficient mice than from wild-type mice infected with the LCN2-sensitive Escherichia coli strain H9049. Uropathogenic E. coli mutants in siderophore receptors for salmochelin, aerobactin, or yersiniabactin displayed reduced fitness in wild-type mice, but not in mice deficient of LCN2, demonstrating that LCN2 imparts a selective pressure on bacterial growth in the bladder. In a human cohort of women with recurrent E. coli UTIs, urine LCN2 levels were associated with UTI episodes and with levels of bacteriuria. The number of siderophore systems was associated with increasing bacteriuria during cystitis. Our data demonstrate that LCN2 is secreted by the urinary tract mucosa in response to uropathogenic E. coli challenge and acts in innate immune defenses as a colonization barrier that pathogens must overcome to establish infection.
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Registered trials
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