ArticleMedicine and science in sports and exercise2015
Fractures in Relation to Menstrual Status and Bone Parameters in Young Athletes.
Article in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2025 Update to the Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement Part 2: Clinical Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return to Play for Adolescents and Adults.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Guideline
- Impaired neuromusculoskeletal response to training stimuli associated with low energy availability: a systematic review.British journal of sports medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Nutrition educational interventions for athletes related to low energy availability: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- [Difficulties of differential diagnosis of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review].Problemy endokrinologii · 2024Pooled it
- Bone Quality in Competitive Athletes: A Systematic Review.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2023Pooled it
- Geometric and "True" Densitometric Characteristics of Bones in Athletes with Stress Fracture and Menstrual Disturbances: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between eating disorders and bone density.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Bone mineral density in response to increased energy intake in exercising women with oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea: the REFUEL randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Bone Geometry and Microarchitecture in Adolescent and Young Adult Oligoamenorrheic Athletes: A Randomized Trial.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2020Trial
- Oestrogen replacement improves bone mineral density in oligo-amenorrhoeic athletes: a randomised clinical trial.British journal of sports medicine · 2019Trial
- Sport-Specific Impact Loading is Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Athletes: Implications for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Assessment.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Bone stress injuries in elite runners: intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in Italian track and field athletes.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- 2025 Update to the Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement Part 1: State of the Science and Introduction of a New Adolescent Model.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Rethinking Energy Availability from Conceptual Models to Applied Practice: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Menstrual Health in Servicewomen: The Menstrual Cycle, Menstrual Disturbances, and Occupational Consequences.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- The Natural History of Bone Stress Injuries in Athletes: From Inception to Resolution.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Eating Disorder Symptoms and Energy Deficiency Awareness in Adolescent Artistic Gymnasts: Evidence of a Knowledge Gap.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Standardising health history and injury surveillance of participants in endurance events: a modified Delphi consensus statement from the AMSSM runner health consortium.British journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- New approach to identifying elite winter sport athletes' risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs).BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study was aimed to compare fracture prevalence in oligoamenorrheic athletes (AA), eumenorrheic athletes (EA), and nonathletes (NA) and determine relationships with bone density, structure, and strength estimates.
methodsOne hundred seventy-five females (100 AA, 35 EA, and 40 NA) 14-25 yr old were studied. Lifetime fracture history was obtained through participant interviews. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by DXA at the spine, hip, and whole body (WB). Bone structure was assessed by HRpQCT at the radius and tibia, and strength by finite element analysis.
resultsAA, EA, and NA did not differ in age, sexual maturity, or height. AA had lower BMI, and older menarchal age than EA and NA (P ≤ 0.001). Bone mineral density Z-scores were lower in AA versus EA at the total hip, femoral neck, spine, and whole body (P ≤ 0.001). Lifetime fracture risk was higher in AA than EA and NA (47%, 25.7%, 12.5%; P ≤ 0.001), largely driven by stress fractures in AA versus EA and NA (32% vs 5.9% vs 0%). In AA, those who fractured had lower lumbar and WB BMD Z-scores, volumetric BMD (vBMD) of outer trabecular region in radius and tibia, and trabecular thickness of the radius (P ≤ 0.05). In AA, those who had two or more stress fractures had lower lumbar and WB BMD Z-scores, total cross-sectional area, trabecular vBMD, stiffness, and failure load at radius; and lower stiffness and failure load at tibia versus those with fewer than two stress fractures (P ≤ 0.05).
conclusionWeight-bearing athletic activity increases BMD but may increase stress fracture risk in those with menstrual dysfunction. Bone microarchitecture and strength differences are more pronounced in AA with multiple stress fractures. This is the first study to examine fractures in relation to bone structure in adolescent female athletes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.