Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25395906›Full record

Trial reportJournal of health, population, and nutrition2014

Leaf concentrate fortification of antenatal protein-calorie snacks improves pregnancy outcomes.

Anjna Magon, Simon M Collin, Pallavi Joshi, Glyn Davys Late, Amita Attlee, Beena Mathur

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 26% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  3. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017
    Pooled it
  4. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Anjna MagonDepartment of Foods and Nutrition, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Simon M CollinSchool of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.
Pallavi JoshiDepartment of Foods and Nutrition, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Glyn Davys LateAssociation pour la Promotion des Extraits Foliaires en Nutrition (APEF), Nozet, F-51230, Connantre, France.
Amita AttleeDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Beena MathurDepartment of Foods and Nutrition, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
University of Rajasthan · INAGIR à dom · FRUniversity of Bristol · GBUniversity of Sharjah · AE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ready-to-eat (RTE) snacks are routinely distributed to pregnant women in India. These provide protein and calories but are low in micronutrients. We investigated whether RTE snacks fortified with leaf concentrate (LC) could improve pregnancy outcomes, including maternal haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and infants' birthweight. This randomized controlled two-arm trial was conducted over 18 months: control (sRTE) group received standard 120 g RTE snack (102 g wheat flour, 18 g soya flour); intervention (lcRTE) group received the same snack fortified with 7 g LC. The study was conducted in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. One hundred and five pregnant women aged 18-35 years were studied. Among the 105 women randomized to the two arms of the trial, 2 (1.9%) were severely anaemic (Hb ≤ 6.0 g/dL); 55 (53.4%) were moderately anaemic (Hb 6.0-8.0 g/dL); 34 (33.0%) were mildly anaemic (Hb 8.6-10.9 g/dL); and 12 (11.7%) were not anaemic (Hb ≥ 11.0 g/dL). In the final month of pregnancy, 83.0% (39/47) of women in the sRTE group had Hb ≤ 8.5 g/dL compared to 37.8% (17/45) in the lcRTE group (p<0.001). After adjustment for age and baseline Hb concentration, the difference in Hb concentrations due to LC fortification was 0.94 g/dL (95% CI 6.8-12.0; p<0.001). Mean live birthweight in the lcRTE group was 2,695 g (SD 325 g) compared to 2,545 g (297 g) in the sRTE group (p=0.02). The lcRTE snacks increased infants' birthweight by 133.7 g (95% CI 7.3-260.2; p=0.04) compared to sRTE snacks. Leaf concentrate fortification of antenatal protein-calorie snacks in a low-income setting in India protected against declining maternal haemoglobin concentrations and increased infants' birthweight when compared with unfortified snacks. These findings require replication in a larger trial.

Indexed as

Food, FortifiedSnacksAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyBirth WeightFemaleHumansIndiaInfant, NewbornPlant ExtractsPlant LeavesPregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsPregnancy OutcomeYoung AdultPlant ExtractsAnaemiaBirthweightIndiaLeaf concentratePregnancy

Identifiers

PMID25395906
PMCPMC4221449
OpenAlexW1910110103

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.