Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25395541›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2014

Synthetic biology. Genomically encoded analog memory with precise in vivo DNA writing in living cell populations.

Fahim Farzadfard, Timothy K Lu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
166citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

166 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
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  11. Programming Next-Generation Synthetic Biosensors by Genetic Circuit Design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Scaling DNA engineering.Trends in biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Fahim FarzadfardSynthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. MIT Microbiology Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Timothy K LuSynthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. MIT Microbiology Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. timlu@mit.edu.

Funding

MIT Center for Integrative Synthetic BiologyP50GM098792 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI WEISS, RON · 2013 to 2017
$11.0M
High-Throughput Nanoscale Approaches to Studying and Inhibiting Amyloid ToxicityDP2OD008435 · OD · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI LU, TIMOTHY · 2011 to 2011
$2.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS 1P50GM098792NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM098792NIH HHS 1DP2OD008435NIH HHS DP2 OD008435
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cellular memory is crucial to many natural biological processes and sophisticated synthetic biology applications. Existing cellular memories rely on epigenetic switches or recombinases, which are limited in scalability and recording capacity. In this work, we use the DNA of living cell populations as genomic "tape recorders" for the analog and distributed recording of long-term event histories. We describe a platform for generating single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in vivo in response to arbitrary transcriptional signals. When coexpressed with a recombinase, these intracellularly expressed ssDNAs target specific genomic DNA addresses, resulting in precise mutations that accumulate in cell populations as a function of the magnitude and duration of the inputs. This platform could enable long-term cellular recorders for environmental and biomedical applications, biological state machines, and enhanced genome engineering strategies.

Indexed as

BioengineeringGenetic CodeTape RecordingWritingBase SequenceCellsDNA, Single-StrandedEscherichia coliGenomicsInformation Storage and RetrievalMemoryMolecular Sequence DataSynthetic BiologyTranscription, GeneticDNA, Single-Stranded

Identifiers

PMID25395541
PMCPMC4266475

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.