ReviewBritish journal of sports medicine2015
Classification and grading of muscle injuries: a narrative review.
Review in British journal of sports medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07566039 (Prospective Cohort Study of Athletes Following an Injection of Platelet-Poor Plasma Into an Acute Muscle Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prospective Cohort Study of Athletes Following an Injection of Platelet-Poor Plasma Into an Acute Muscle Injury
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Platelet-Rich Plasma Accelerates the Return to Sport in Athletes with Acute Muscle Injuries: A Systematic Review and Statistical Fragility Index-Based Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Can Clinical Evaluation Predict Return to Sport after Acute Hamstring Injuries? A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and Protein-Based Hydrogels: Novel Approaches for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sports Injuries.Polymers · 2026Review
- Muscle Injuries in 90 Professional Football Players Over 10 Consecutive Seasons: A Comparison of Two Classification Systems and Their Association With Return-to-Play Time.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- CNanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- The Structure, Function, and Adaptation of Lower-Limb Aponeuroses: Implications for Myo-Aponeurotic Injury.Sports medicine - open · 2024Review
- CInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Lower limb acute onset muscle pain: what do we have to look for? A case of isolated rupture of the rectus femoris.European journal of translational myology · 2024Article
- Analysis of plasma-derived small extracellular vesicle characteristics and microRNA cargo following exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in men.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- A Novel Minimally Invasive Surgically Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury Model in Sheep.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Factors, mechanisms and improvement methods of muscle strength loss.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- A criteria-based progressive rehabilitation program for rectus femoris strain in a recreational soccer player: a case report.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Return to Play Prediction Accuracy of the MLG-R Classification System for Hamstring Injuries in Football Players: A Machine Learning Approach.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Muscle Force Contributions to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Tensiomyography Allows to Discriminate between Injured and Non-Injured Biceps Femoris Muscle.Biology · 2022Article
- Paramagnetic contrast medium in high-level athletes with lower limb muscle injuries: can it make the return to sport safer reducing the recurrence rate?La Radiologia medica · 2022Article
- Investigating the Psychophysiological Response to Grade One Muscular Injuries in Professional Australian Football Athletes.International journal of exercise science · 2022Article
- Tears of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus are not equal-a new individual muscle-tendon concept in athletes.Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society · 2021Review
- Pharmacological Treatment for Acute Traumatic Musculoskeletal Pain in Athletes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A limitation to the accurate study of muscle injuries and their management has been the lack of a uniform approach to the categorisation and grading of muscle injuries. The goal of this narrative review was to provide a framework from which to understand the historical progression of the classification and grading of muscle injuries. We reviewed the classification and grading of muscle injuries in the literature to critically illustrate the strengths, weaknesses, contradictions or controversies. A retrospective, citation-based methodology was applied to search for English language literature which evaluated or utilised a novel muscle classification or grading system. While there is an abundance of literature classifying and grading muscle injuries, it is predominantly expert opinion, and there remains little evidence relating any of the clinical or radiological features to an established pathology or clinical outcome. While the categorical grading of injury severity may have been a reasonable solution to a clinical challenge identified in the middle of the 20th century, it is time to recognise the complexity of the injury, cease trying to oversimplify it and to develop appropriately powered research projects to answer important questions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.