ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2014
Incidence rate of Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa: a prospective multicohort study.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of valganciclovir therapy on severe IRIS-Kaposi Sarcoma mortality: An open-label, parallel, randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Compression Therapy for HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma Leg Lymphedema: Results of the Kenyan Improvised Compression for Kaposi Sarcoma Randomized Controlled Trial.JCO global oncology · 2022Trial
- As-Needed Vs Immediate Etoposide Chemotherapy in Combination With Antiretroviral Therapy for Mild-to-Moderate AIDS-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma in Resource-Limited Settings: A5264/AMC-067 Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Trial
- Kaposi sarcoma in the era of immunodeficiency: challenges and opportunities for treatment and prevention.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Implementation of teledermatology to identify and expedite care for Kaposi sarcoma.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Oncoviruses in Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Overall survival and associated factors among patients with pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study identifies and validates genetic variation in the RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway associated with HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma in children and adults.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Cancer in children living with HIV: challenges and perspectives in the antiretroviral therapy era.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Article
- Model Systems of Gammaherpesvirus Infection, Immunity, and Disease.Journal of medical virology · 2025Review
- Ocular Manifestations of Kaposi Sarcoma: Insights from an HIV-Positive Patient and an Immunocompetent HIV-Negative Patient.Medeniyet medical journal · 2025Article
- Mapping the cancer research landscape across Zambia: evidence to support national cancer control planning.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Review
- HIV-associated cancers and lymphoproliferative disorders caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- The association between fear of progression and medical coping strategies among people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prognostic analysis of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma based on a competing risk model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Incident Kaposi sarcoma during the expansion of antiretroviral therapy eligibility in Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- KSHV (HHV8) vaccine: promises and potential pitfalls for a new anti-cancer vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2022Review
- Analyses of Kaposi Sarcoma trends among adults establishing initial outpatient HIV care in Nigeria: 2006-2017.Infectious agents and cancer · 2022Article
- Review
- Safety and effectiveness of gemcitabine for the treatment of classic Kaposi's sarcoma without visceral involvement.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) among HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not well defined in resource-limited settings. We studied KS incidence rates and associated risk factors in children and adults on ART in Southern Africa.
methodsWe included patient data of 6 ART programs in Botswana, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We estimated KS incidence rates in patients on ART measuring time from 30 days after ART initiation to KS diagnosis, last follow-up visit, or death. We assessed risk factors (age, sex, calendar year, WHO stage, tuberculosis, and CD4 counts) using Cox models.
findingsWe analyzed data from 173,245 patients (61% female, 8% children aged <16 years) who started ART between 2004 and 2010. Five hundred and sixty-four incident cases were diagnosed during 343,927 person-years (pys). The overall KS incidence rate was 164/100,000 pys [95% confidence interval (CI): 151 to 178]. The incidence rate was highest 30-90 days after ART initiation (413/100,000 pys; 95% CI: 342 to 497) and declined thereafter [86/100,000 pys (95% CI: 71 to 105), >2 years after ART initiation]. Male sex [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.61], low current CD4 counts (≥500 versus <50 cells/μL, adjusted HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.55), and age (5-9 years versus 30-39 years, adjusted HR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.79) were relevant risk factors for developing KS.
interpretationDespite ART, KS risk in HIV-infected persons in Southern Africa remains high. Early HIV testing and maintaining high CD4 counts is needed to further reduce KS-related morbidity and mortality.
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Registered trials
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