ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
Dysregulated B cell expression of RANKL and OPG correlates with loss of bone mineral density in HIV infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01020045 (Effect of HIV Infection and HAART on Bone Homeostasis), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of HIV Infection and HAART on Bone Homeostasis
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bone fragility in people living with HIV: a position statement from the Swiss Association against Osteoporosis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Guideline
- Administration of zoledronic acid alleviates osteoporosis in HIV patients by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via regulating RANKL expression.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Trial
- Patterns of Immune Activation in HIV and Non HIV Subjects and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand as biomarkers for bone resorption-related disorders.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism associations with bone mineral density and bone turnover in pre- and postmenopausal women living with HIV.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2026Article
- Sex-specific bone architectural deficits among older adults living with HIV: a cross-sectional study from Zimbabwe.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Article
- Bone Health in People Living with HIV: From Pathophysiology to Practical Management.Infection & chemotherapy · 2026Review
- IL-4 Correlates With Bone Mineral Density in Men, and IL-4 Depletion May Drive Bone Loss in Men With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty in HIV-Positive Patients: Precision Surgery for a Changing Epidemic.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Osteoimmune senescence in aging bone: from inflammaging dogma to cell-type-specific therapeutic windows.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research progress on the mechanisms by which gut microbiota dysbiosis remodels the bone marrow neuroimmune microenvironment to drive age-related osteoporosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Brain-bone axis dysregulation: Biological code underlying the bidirectional association between depression and musculoskeletal disorders.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Role of Cytokines in Bone Diseases and Their Therapeutic Application.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Bone and Soft Tissue Chronic Inflammation Diseases.Small science · 2025Review
- Combined Sequential Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Immune Reconstitution Bone Loss and Estrogen Deficiency Bone Loss Are Cumulative in Mice Models.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Breaking Down Bone Disease in People Living with HIV: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Systemic biological mechanisms underpin poor post-discharge growth among severely wasted children with HIV.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Multi-omics Analysis to Identify Key Immune Genes for Osteoporosis based on Machine Learning and Single-cell Analysis.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Article
- Bone Loss and Fractures in Post-Menopausal Women Living with HIV: A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- HIV Modulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Upregulation of RANKL and Vitronectin.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with high rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. We recently reported that bone loss in the HIV transgenic rat model was associated with upregulation of B cell expression of the key osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), compounded by a simultaneous decline in expression of its physiological moderator, osteoprotegerin (OPG). To clinically translate these findings we performed cross-sectional immuno-skeletal profiling of HIV-uninfected and antiretroviral therapy-naïve HIV-infected individuals. Bone resorption and osteopenia were significantly higher in HIV-infected individuals. B cell expression of RANKL was significantly increased, while B cell expression of OPG was significantly diminished, conditions favoring osteoclastic bone resorption. The B cell RANKL/OPG ratio correlated significantly with total hip and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), T- and/or Z-scores in HIV infected subjects, but revealed no association at the lumbar spine. B cell subset analyses revealed significant HIV-related increases in RANKL-expressing naïve, resting memory and exhausted tissue-like memory B cells. By contrast, the net B cell OPG decrease in HIV-infected individuals resulted from a significant decline in resting memory B cells, a population containing a high frequency of OPG-expressing cells, concurrent with a significant increase in exhausted tissue-like memory B cells, a population with a lower frequency of OPG-expressing cells. These data validate our pre-clinical findings of an immuno-centric mechanism for accelerated HIV-induced bone loss, aligned with B cell dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.