ArticlePloS one2014
Poly(I:C) induces antiviral immune responses in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) that require TLR3 and MDA5 and is negatively regulated by Myd88.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Genomics-Guided Epitope Prioritization and in Silico Design of a Multi-Epitope DNA Vaccine Candidate Against Megalocytivirus pagrus 1.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Toll-like Receptor 3 is Required for Sensing Extracellular Double Stranded RNA in Salmonid Cells.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- MDA5 regulates BCR signaling and B-cell function via NF-κB-mediated DNM1.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in fish: evolution, structure, immune signaling, and translational prospects for adjuvant-based vaccine design in aquaculture.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in Fish Viral Infection: Mechanisms and Microbiota-Targeted Interventions.Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Review
- Synthetic double-stranded RNA in antiviral immunity and vaccine adjuvant: insights into poly(I:C) and poly(A:U).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Identification of poly(I:C) interacted proteins and their regulation in transcription level against bacterial infection in zebrafish.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dynamic and functional changes in vascular endothelial cell monolayers under combined hypoxic and inflammatory stimuli.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Disruption of Myd88 in a salmonid epithelioid cell line reveals its contribution to bacterial detection and immune response.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Immune response accelerated telomere shortening during early life stage of a passerine bird, the blue tit (Biology letters · 2025Article
- Extracellular RNA and Endothelial TLR3 Link Inflammation and Venous Thromboembolism.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Temperature and immune challenges modulate the transcription of genes of the ubiquitin and apoptosis pathways in two high-latitude Notothenioid fish across the Antarctic Polar Front.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2024Article
- Targeting Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Protein 88 (MyD88) and Galectin-3 to Develop Broad-Spectrum Host-Mediated Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effect of a loss of the mda5/ifih1 gene on the antiviral resistance in a Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha cell line.PloS one · 2024Article
- Natural killer cell-mediated contact dermatitis-like reaction induced by treatment with TLR3 ligand poly(I:C).Contact dermatitis · 2023Article
- Evidence of Copper Nanoparticles and Poly I:C Modulating Cas9 Interaction and Cleavage of COR (Conserved Omicron RNA).Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Spleen Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Divergent Immune Responses to LPS and Poly (I:C) Challenge in the Yellow Drum (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Toll-like Receptor 3 in the Hybrid Yellow Catfish (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Transcriptional responses of liver and spleen inFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Transcriptome-wide analyses of early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon stimulation with poly(I:C).Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) is a ligand of toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 that has been used as an immunostimulant in humans and mice against viral diseases based on its ability to enhance innate and adapt immunity. Antiviral effect of poly(I:C) has also been observed in teleost, however, the underling mechanism is not clear. In this study, we investigated the potential and signaling mechanism of poly(I:C) as an antiviral agent in a model of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with megalocytivirus. We found that poly(I:C) exhibited strong antiviral activity and enhanced activation of head kidney macrophages and peripheral blood leukocytes. In vivo studies showed that (i) TLR3 as well as MDA5 knockdown reduced poly(I:C)-mediated immune response and antiviral activity to significant extents; (ii) when Myd88 was overexpressed in flounder, poly(I:C)-mediated antiviral activity was significantly decreased; (iii) when Myd88 was inactivated, the antiviral effect of poly(I:C) was significantly increased. Cellular study showed that (i) the NF-κB activity induced by poly(I:C) was upregulated in Myd88-overexpressing cells and unaffected in Myd88-inactivated cells; (ii) Myd88 overexpression inhibited and upregulated the expression of poly(I:C)-induced antiviral genes and inflammatory genes respectively; (iii) Myd88 inactivation enhanced the expression of the antiviral genes induced by poly(I:C). Taken together, these results indicate that poly(I:C) is an immunostimulant with antiviral potential, and that the immune response of poly(I:C) requires TLR3 and MDA5 and is negatively regulated by Myd88 in a manner not involving NK-κB. These results provide insights to the working mechanism of poly(I:C), TLR3, and Myd88 in fish.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.