ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2014
White matter microstructure in transsexuals and controls investigated by diffusion tensor imaging.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02715232 (Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on Serotonin Synthesis and Degradation Measured With PET), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on Serotonin Synthesis and Degradation Measured With PET
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Brain Differences as a Function of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation: A Systematic Review of the Human Neuroimaging Literature.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Changes in White Matter Microstructure After Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Sex versus Gender Role Endorsement Associations With White Matter Microstructure in South African Adults: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- White Matter Microstructure Among Straight and Gay Cisgender Men, Sao Praphet Song, and Straight Cisgender Women in Thailand.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- The Potential Health Risks and Benefits of Progesterone in the Transgender Woman Population-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- White matter microstructure in transmasculine and cisgender adolescents: A multiparametric and multivariate study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- CBLL1 is hypomethylated and correlates with cortical thickness in transgender men before gender affirming hormone treatment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cortical Structure Differences in Relation to Age, Sexual Attractions, and Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents: An Examination of Mean Diffusivity and T1 Relaxation Time.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Alterations in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus - a specific neural correlate of gender incongruence?Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Gender Diversity and Brain Morphology Among Adolescents.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy, mental health, and surgical considerations for aging transgender and gender diverse adults.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- Sex-Specific Patterns of Body Mass Index Relationship with White Matter Connectivity.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- The Effects of Testosterone on the Brain of Transgender Men.Androgens: clinical research and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Characterization of theJournal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Cortical Gyrification in Transgender Individuals.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2021Article
- Cross-sex hormone treatment and own-body perception: behavioral and brain connectivity profiles.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Epistemic Injustice in Brain Studies of (Trans)Gender Identity.Frontiers in sociology · 2021Article
- Neural Correlates of Gender Face Perception in Transgender People.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Brain Sex Differences Related to Gender Identity Development: Genes or Hormones?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Biological causes underpinning the well known gender dimorphisms in human behavior, cognition, and emotion have received increased attention in recent years. The advent of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has permitted the investigation of the white matter microstructure in unprecedented detail. Here, we aimed to study the potential influences of biological sex, gender identity, sex hormones, and sexual orientation on white matter microstructure by investigating transsexuals and healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-three female-to-male (FtM) and 21 male-to-female (MtF) transsexuals, as well as 23 female (FC) and 22 male (MC) controls underwent DTI at 3 tesla. Fractional anisotropy, axial, radial, and mean diffusivity were calculated using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and fiber tractography. Results showed widespread significant differences in mean diffusivity between groups in almost all white matter tracts. FCs had highest mean diffusivities, followed by FtM transsexuals with lower values, MtF transsexuals with further reduced values, and MCs with lowest values. Investigating axial and radial diffusivities showed that a transition in axial diffusivity accounted for mean diffusivity results. No significant differences in fractional anisotropy maps were found between groups. Plasma testosterone levels were strongly correlated with mean, axial, and radial diffusivities. However, controlling for individual estradiol, testosterone, or progesterone plasma levels or for subjects' sexual orientation did not change group differences. Our data harmonize with the hypothesis that fiber tract development is influenced by the hormonal environment during late prenatal and early postnatal brain development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.