ArticleDiabetes care2015
Hyperglycemia predicts persistently lower muscle strength with aging.
Article in Diabetes care, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 231 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Sarcopenia: Accumulated Evidences From Observational Studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Changes in glycemic control and skeletal muscle mass indices after dapagliflozin treatment in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2023Trial
- Worksite-based intensive lifestyle therapy has profound cardiometabolic benefits in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes.Cell metabolism · 2022Trial
- The relationship of fasting hyperglycemia to changes in fat and muscle mass after exercise training in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2016Trial
- Impact of obesity and type 2 diabetes on muscle power, quality, and force-velocity, and their relation to functional capacity.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Article
- Phase angle, extracellular to intracellular water ratio, and advanced glycation end products according to four sarcopenia categories and in relation to muscle strength/mass in elderly out-patients with diabetes.Diabetology international · 2026Article
- Glycated hemoglobin and dynapenia in community- dwelling older people with and without diabetes: A cross-sectional study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Article
- Type 1 diabetes, ageing and frailty: an underexplored intersection.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Early Postural Instability with History of COVID-19 Influence Related to Diabetes: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic index as a predictor of sarcopenia in U.S. adults aged 20-59: results from a cross-sectional study.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- The bidirectional relationship between diabetes and poor muscle function in older adults: data from two population-based studies.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Prospective association between the triglyceride-glucose index and frailty in middle-aged and older adults: insights from a nationwide cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine for Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Review and Its Related Mechanisms.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Review
- Research trends and potential molecular intersections between diabetic kidney disease and sarcopenia: a 21-year bibliometric and bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Circulating Biomarkers as a Window into the Relationship between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: Implications for Effective Management.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- Sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an imaging review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The Influence of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Other Incretin Hormone Agonists on Body Composition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association of serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 with sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Anthropometric metabolic subtypes and health outcomes: A data-driven cluster analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Frailty incidence by diabetes treatment regimens in older adults with diabetes mellitus in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Study.GeroScience · 2025Observational
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePersons with diabetes have accelerated muscle loss compared with their counterparts. The relationship of hyperglycemia per se to declines in muscle function has not been explored yet has implications for developing appropriate intervention strategies to prevent muscle loss. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe examined 984 participants aged 25-96 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (2003-2011) with HbA1c, knee extensor strength (isokinetic dynamometer), and lean body mass (DEXA) measured at baseline. Participants had repeated measurements up to 7.5 years later. Muscle quality was defined as knee extensor strength/leg lean mass. Participants were categorized by HbA1c quartile (<5.5, 5.5-5.79, 5.8-6.09, and ≥6.1% or <37, 37-40, 40-43, and ≥43 mmol/mol). Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the regression of muscle outcomes on HbA1c.
resultsMuscle strength and quality were significantly lower across HbA1c quartiles (both P < 0.001), without differences in muscle mass at baseline. Comparing highest versus lowest HbA1c quartiles and adjusting for age, race, sex, weight, and height, strength was significantly lower (-4.70 ± 2.30 N · m; P value trend = 0.02) and results were unchanged after adjustment for physical activity (P value trend = 0.045) but of borderline significance after additional adjustment for peripheral neuropathy (P value trend = 0.05). Adjusting for demographics, muscle quality was significantly lower (-0.32 ± 0.15 N · m/kg; P value trend = 0.02) in the highest versus lowest HbA1c quartiles, but differences were attenuated after adjusting for weight and height (-0.25 ± 0.15 N · m/kg; P value trend = 0.07). Muscle mass measures were similar across HbA1c quartiles.
conclusionsHyperglycemia is associated with persistently lower muscle strength with aging, but this effect may be mediated, at least in part, by peripheral neuropathy. Future studies should explore if better glycemic control can preserve muscle function in diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.