Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25391964›Full record

ArticleNature2014

Radial glia require PDGFD-PDGFRβ signalling in human but not mouse neocortex.

Jan H Lui, Tomasz J Nowakowski, Alex A Pollen, Ashkan Javaherian, Arnold R Kriegstein, Michael C Oldham

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
106citing papers in PubMed
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

106 citing papers in PubMed, 165 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Shaping the Neocortex: Radial Glia and Astrocytes in Development and Evolution.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jan H LuiDepartment of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Tomasz J NowakowskiDepartment of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Alex A PollenDepartment of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Ashkan JavaherianDepartment of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Arnold R KriegsteinDepartment of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Michael C OldhamDepartment of Neurology and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Broad Center · US

Funding

INTERCELLULAR SIGNALLING IN NEOCORTICAL DEVELOPMENTR01NS021223 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI KRIEGSTEIN, ARNOLD · 1985 to 2011
$3.9M
Stem Cells of the Developing Human NeocortexR01NS075998 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KRIEGSTEIN, ARNOLD · 2011 to 2016
$1.8M
Molecular and cellular mechanism of MicrocephalyR01NS072630 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KRIEGSTEIN, ARNOLD · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNINDS NIH HHS R01 NS021223NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS072630NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS075998
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex underlies many of our unique mental abilities. This expansion has been attributed to the increased proliferative potential of radial glia (RG; neural stem cells) and their subventricular dispersion from the periventricular niche during neocortical development. Such adaptations may have evolved through gene expression changes in RG. However, whether or how RG gene expression varies between humans and other species is unknown. Here we show that the transcriptional profiles of human and mouse neocortical RG are broadly conserved during neurogenesis, yet diverge for specific signalling pathways. By analysing differential gene co-expression relationships between the species, we demonstrate that the growth factor PDGFD is specifically expressed by RG in human, but not mouse, corticogenesis. We also show that the expression domain of PDGFRβ, the cognate receptor for PDGFD, is evolutionarily divergent, with high expression in the germinal region of dorsal human neocortex but not in the mouse. Pharmacological inhibition of PDGFD-PDGFRβ signalling in slice culture prevents normal cell cycle progression of neocortical RG in human, but not mouse. Conversely, injection of recombinant PDGFD or ectopic expression of constitutively active PDGFRβ in developing mouse neocortex increases the proportion of RG and their subventricular dispersion. These findings highlight the requirement of PDGFD-PDGFRβ signalling for human neocortical development and suggest that local production of growth factors by RG supports the expanded germinal region and progenitor heterogeneity of species with large brains.

Indexed as

Signal TransductionAnimalsCell CycleCell ProliferationGene Expression ProfilingHumansLymphokinesMiceNeocortexNeurogliaPlatelet-Derived Growth FactorReceptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor betaTranscription, GeneticLymphokinesPDGFD protein, humanPdgfd protein, mousePlatelet-Derived Growth FactorReceptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta

Identifiers

PMID25391964
PMCPMC4231536
OpenAlexW2092682926

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.