ReviewImmunologic research2014
Risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus flares during pregnancy.
Review in Immunologic research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk and protective factors of disease flare during pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Lupus activity and pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients undergoing assisted reproductive therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Influence of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and HIV on Cervicovaginal Cytokines and Microbiota in Malawi.mSphere · 2023Trial
- Effects of a Midwife-Coordinated Maternity Care Intervention (ChroPreg) vs. Standard Care in Pregnant Women with Chronic Medical Conditions: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Impact of etonogestrel implant use on T-cell and cytokine profiles in the female genital tract and blood.PloS one · 2020Trial
- "Look What the Cat Dragged In": Delayed-Onset Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Due to Pregnancy.Cureus · 2025Article
- Vitamin D affects antiphospholipid syndrome by regulating T cells (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- B lymphoproliferative diseases: Effective treatment, inhibited progression, and potential cures through isoform-specific targeting of the prolactin receptor.Vitamins and hormones · 2025Review
- Short term air pollution exposure during pregnancy and associations with maternal immune markers.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Bidirectional association between autoimmune disease and perinatal depression: a nationwide study with sibling comparison.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Enhanced TLR3 responsiveness in hepatitis C virus resistant women from the Irish anti-D cohort.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- Risk factors of disease flares in a Chinese lupus cohort with low-grade disease activity.Lupus science & medicine · 2022Article
- The key player in the pathogenesis of environmental influence of systemic lupus erythematosus: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Case Report: Possible autoimmune obsessive-compulsive disorder with postpartum onset.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- High-risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythaematosus: a retrospective study of a Chinese population.BMJ open · 2021Article
- DNA Methylation and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Mysterious Compass?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Immunotherapies application in active stage of systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnancy: A case report and review of literature.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2020Article
- The Association of Multiparity with Lung Function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Related Phenotypes.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review examines the risk factors for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares during pregnancy. In preconception, anti-DNA, hypocomplementemia, previous thrombosis, triple antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody positivity, active lupus nephritis and discontinuation of medications such as hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine are factors associated with pregnancy failure. During pregnancy, SLE flares are associated with aPL antibodies, synergic changes of pregnancy on Th1 and TH2 cytokines, other cytokines and chemokines that interact with hormones such as estrogen and prolactin that amplify the inflammatory effect. From the clinical point of view, SLE activity at pregnancy onset, thrombocytopenia, lupus nephritis, arterial hypertension, aPL syndromes, preeclampsia is associated with lupus flares and fetal complications. In puerperium, the risk factors of flares are similar to pregnancy. Hyperactivity of immune system, autoantibodies, hyperprolactinemia, active lupus nephritis, decrease in TH2 cytokines with increase in TH1 cytokines probably participate in SLE flare. The SLE flares during pregnancy make the difference between an uncomplicated pregnancy and pregnancy with maternal and fetal complications. Therefore, the knowledge of risk factors leads the best treatment strategies to reduce flares and fetal complications in SLE patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.