ArticleTumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine2015
PX-12 induces apoptosis in Calu-6 cells in an oxidative stress-dependent manner.
Article in Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oxidative Stress Defense Module in Lung Cancers: Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Importance of Thioredoxin-1 in Health and Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Interfering with Tumor Hypoxia for Radiotherapy Optimization.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Review
- Hydrogen Sulfide Mediates Tumor Cell Resistance to Thioredoxin Inhibitor.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Increased Thioredoxin-1 Expression Promotes Cancer Progression and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
- Proteomics-based investigation of multiple stages of OSCC development indicates that the inhibition of Trx-1 delays oral malignant transformation.International journal of oncology · 2018Article
- miR-1908 as a novel prognosis marker of glioma via promoting malignant phenotype and modulating SPRY4/RAF1 axis.Oncology reports · 2017Article
- Treatment with a JNK inhibitor increases, whereas treatment with a p38 inhibitor decreases, HOncology letters · 2017Article
- MAPK inhibitors enhance cell death in pyrogallol-treated human pulmonary fibroblast cells via increasing OOncology letters · 2017Article
- Upregulation of connexin43 contributes to PX-12-induced oxidative cell death.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Article
- SIRT6 safeguards human mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative stress by coactivating NRF2.Cell research · 2016Article
- Article
- PX-12 inhibits the growth of hepatocelluar carcinoma by inducing S-phase arrest, ROS-dependent apoptosis and enhances 5-FU cytotoxicity.American journal of translational research · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
PX-12 (1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide) as a thioredoxin (Trx) inhibitor has an anti-tumor effect. However, there is no report about the toxicological effect of PX-12 on lung cancer cells. Here, we investigated the anti-growth effects of PX-12 on Calu-6 lung cancer cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. PX-12 induced the growth inhibition of Calu-6 cells with IC50 of nearly 3 μM at 72 h. In contrast, PX-12 did not affect the growth of human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs). Cell cycle distribution analysis indicated that PX-12 significantly induced a G2/M phase arrest in Calu-6 cells. PX-12 also increased the number of annexin V-FITC-positive cells in Calu-6 cells. All the tested caspase inhibitors markedly prevented Calu-6 cell death induced by PX-12. With regard to ROS and GSH levels, PX-12 increased ROS levels containing O2(·-) in Calu-6 cells and induced the depletion of GSH. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), which is a well-known antioxidant, significantly reduced O2(·-) level in PX-12-treated Calu-6 cells and prevented apoptosis and GSH depletion in these cells. In conclusion, it is the first report that PX-12 inhibited the growth of Calu-6 cells via a G2/M phase arrest as well as apoptosis, which effect was related to the intracellular increases in ROS levels.
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