ReviewExpert review of clinical immunology2015
Immunological basis in the pathogenesis and treatment of bladder cancer.
Review in Expert review of clinical immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Bladder Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Rs-10889677 variant in interleukin-23 receptor may contribute to creating an inflammatory milieu more susceptible to bladder tumourigenesis: report and meta-analysis.Immunogenetics · 2021Pooled it
- Fever and leukemoid reaction in bladder cancer: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis epididymitis presenting as an acute scrotum in a 65 year-old man undergoing BCG treatment for bladder cancer.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- CAR T-Cell Therapy in Cancer: Balancing Efficacy with Cardiac Toxicity Concerns.Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics · 2025Article
- Preoperative inflammation-based immune prognostic nomogram in bladder cancer: a multicenter study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles-a new player in the development of urinary bladder cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Milestone achieved: FDA approves nivolumab in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Bladder Cancer Treatments in the Age of Personalized Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Potential Radiosensitivity Biomarkers.Biomarker insights · 2024Review
- Survival and Enrichment Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Genes in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma.Genes · 2023Article
- Duality of the SVIL expression in bladder cancer and its correlation with immune infiltration.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Adherence to guidelines in the follow-up of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer among urology trainers and trainees in Jordan: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Variability, Expression, and Methylation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Polymorphisms of Antioxidant Enzymes SOD2 (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) Are Associated with Bladder Cancer Risk or Its Aggressiveness.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- The relationship between inflammatory response markers and the prognosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and the development of a nomogram model.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- High-Intensity Interval Training Minimizes the Deleterious Effects of Arterial Hypertension on the Urinary Bladder of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2023Article
- Association Between Interleukin-6 Levels and Lymph Node Metastasis in Bladder Cancer Patients.World journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of direct intramural injection to the bladder wall as a method for developing orthotopic tumor models.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Systemic Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Infection With Renal Involvement: A Rare Complication of BCG Immunotherapy.Cureus · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pathogenesis and transition of normal urothelium into bladder carcinoma are multifactorial processes. Chronic inflammation causes initiation and progression of the underlying pathophysiology of invasive and metastatic cancer. A dichotomy is observed in the role of immune cells in bladder cancer. While the immune response defends the host by suppressing neoplastic growth, several immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes, promote tumor development and progression. The levels of human neutrophil peptide-1, -2 and -3, produced by neutrophils, increase in bladder cancer and might promote tumor angiogenesis and growth. The effect of macrophages is primarily mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, the underlying immunological mechanisms of two treatments, BCG and cytokine gene-modified tumor vaccines, and future directions are critically discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.