ArticlePloS one2014
Serum inflammatory cytokine levels correlate with hand-foot-mouth disease severity: a nested serial case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Metabolomic analysis reveals an important role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the development of HFMD due to EV-A71 infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Childhood hand, foot and mouth disease sequelae cohort study in Henan, China: cohort profile.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Correlation analysis of serum inflammatory cytokine levels and immune markers in children with severe hand, foot and mouth disease.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- The key mechanisms of multi-system responses triggered by central nervous system damage in hand, foot, and mouth disease severity.Infectious medicine · 2024Review
- The upregulation of peripheral blood polyamine metabolites spermidine and spermine in children with hand, foot, mouth disease is related to enterovirus 71 capsid protein VP1, but not VP4.Translational pediatrics · 2023Article
- Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Network pharmacology-based exploration identified the antiviral efficacy of Quercetin isolated from mulberry leaves against enterovirus 71 via the NF-κB signaling pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Evaluation and mechanism study of Pien Tze Huang against EV-A71 infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- TBK1 and IRF3 are potential therapeutic targets in Enterovirus A71-associated diseases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Review
- The CXCL10/CXCR3 Axis Promotes Disease Pathogenesis in Mice upon CVA2 Infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Anemoside B4 inhibits enterovirus 71 propagation in mice through upregulating 14-3-3 expression and type I interferon responses.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2022Article
- Total astragalosides decrease apoptosis and pyroptosis by inhibiting enterovirus 71 replication in gastric epithelial cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Analysis of miRNAs Involved in Mouse Heart Injury Upon Coxsackievirus A2 Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Efficacy of a coxsackievirus A6 vaccine candidate in an actively immunized mouse model.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- The Disruption of the Endothelial Barrier Contributes to Acute Lung Injury Induced byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Susceptibility and cytokine responses of human neuronal cells to multiple circulating EV-A71 genotypes in India.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Pathological Features of Enterovirus 71-Associated Brain and Lung Damage in Mice Based on Quantitative Proteomic Analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHand-food-mouth disease (HFMD) cases can be fatal. These cases develop rapidly, and it is important to predict the severity of HFMD from mild to fatal and to identify risk factors for mild HFMD. The objective of this study was to correlate the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines with HFMD severity.
methodsThis study was designed as a nested serial case-control study. The data collected included general information, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory findings and serum cytokine levels.
resultsThe levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients with severe HFMD were significantly higher than in mild patients during the 2nd to 5th day after disease onset. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ increased from the 2nd day to the 4th day and later decreased. The levels of TNF-α were high on the first two days and subsequently decreased. The changes of IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the controls were similar for all cases. The levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17 in the controls were not significantly different with the progression of HFMD.
conclusionsOur findings indicate that the IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels correlate with HFMD severity.
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