ArticlePloS one2014
Inflammation-induced reactivation of the ranavirus Frog Virus 3 in asymptomatic Xenopus laevis.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Dissection of the global responses of mandarin fish pyloric cecum to an acute ranavirus (MRV) infection reveals the formation of serositis and then ascites.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Peripheral B Lymphocyte Serves as a Reservoir for the Persistently Covert Infection of Mandarin FishViruses · 2024Article
- The Binding, Infection, and Promoted Growth ofViruses · 2024Article
- The amphibian immune system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Endogenous Retroviruses Augment Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) Tadpole Antiviral Protection.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- The Roles of Amphibian (Viruses · 2021Article
- TLR5-Mediated Reactivation of Quiescent Ranavirus FV3 inJournal of virology · 2021Article
- The myeloid lineage is required for the emergence of a regeneration-permissive environment followingDevelopment (Cambridge, England) · 2020Article
- Adoptive Transfer of Fluorescently Labeled Immune Cells inCold Spring Harbor protocols · 2019Article
- Ranavirus genotypes in the Netherlands and their potential association with virulence in water frogs (Pelophylax spp.).Emerging microbes & infections · 2018Article
- Ranaviruses and reptiles.PeerJ · 2018Article
- Xenopus-FV3 host-pathogen interactions and immune evasion.Virology · 2017Article
- Amphibian macrophage development and antiviral defenses.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2016Review
- Frog Virus 3 dissemination in the brain of tadpoles, but not in adult Xenopus, involves blood brain barrier dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Nonclassical MHC-Restricted Invariant Vα6 T Cells Are Critical for Efficient Early Innate Antiviral Immunity in the Amphibian Xenopus laevis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Phylogeny and differentiation of reptilian and amphibian ranaviruses detected in Europe.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Natural infections of ectothermic vertebrates by ranaviruses (RV, family Iridoviridae) are rapidly increasing, with an alarming expansion of RV tropism and resulting die-offs of numerous animal populations. Notably, infection studies of the amphibian Xenopus laevis with the ranavirus Frog Virus 3 (FV3) have revealed that although the adult frog immune system is efficient at controlling RV infections, residual quiescent virus can be detected in mononuclear phagocytes of otherwise asymptomatic animals following the resolution of RV infections. It is noteworthy that macrophage-lineage cells are now believed to be a critical element in the RV infection strategy. In the present work, we report that inflammation induced by peritoneal injection of heat-killed bacteria in asymptomatic frogs one month after infection with FV3 resulted in viral reactivation including detectable viral DNA and viral gene expression in otherwise asymptomatic frogs. FV3 reactivation was most prominently detected in kidneys and in peritoneal HAM56+ mononuclear phagocytes. Notably, unlike adult frogs that typically clear primary FV3 infections, a proportion of the animals succumbed to the reactivated FV3 infection, indicating that previous exposure does not provide protection against subsequent reactivation in these animals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.