Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25390327›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2014

The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment.

Janet M Lord, Mark J Midwinter, Yen-Fu Chen, Antonio Belli, Karim Brohi, Elizabeth J Kovacs, Leo Koenderman, Paul Kubes, Richard J Lilford

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 434 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
434citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
17.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03482830 completednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Perioperative Metabolic and Hormonal Aspects in Major Emergency Surgery

TypeobservationalSponsorZealand University HospitalRan2018 to 2019Enrolled98ConditionsSurgery--Complications, Acute Illness, Gastrointestinal Disease, StressArmsMajor emergency gastrointestinal surgery
NCT03993002 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP) Mediated Innate Immune Failure and Pneumonia After Trauma - the Harvard-Longwood (HALO) Campus Area Consortium

TypeinterventionalSponsorBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterRan2019 to 2021Enrolled1ConditionsRespiratory FailureArmsNormoxia with Normocarbia, Normoxia with Hypercarbia, Hyperoxia with Normocarbia, Hyperoxia with Hypercarbia
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

434 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 804 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in polytrauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Definitions of hospital-acquired pneumonia in trauma research: a systematic review.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024
    Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Chinese expert consensus on tetanus prophylaxis in major trauma (2026 Edition).Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Neutrophil phenotyping reflects injury severity when base excess and lactate remain normal.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Article
  20. Review

374 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Janet M LordMRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Mark J MidwinterNIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Yen-Fu ChenNIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Antonio BelliNIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration Section, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Karim BrohiCentre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Elizabeth J KovacsLoyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Maywood, IL, USA.
Leo KoendermanUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Paul KubesUniversity of Calgary, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Calgary, Canada.
Richard J LilfordSchool of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. Electronic address: R.J.Lilford@warwick.ac.uk.
Queen Mary University of London · GB

Funding

Aging, macrophage mediators, and burn trauma: SupplementR01AG018859 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI KOVACS, ELIZABETH J. · 2001 to 2024
$7.6M
Department of Health WMCLAHRC-2014-1Medical Research Council MR/K00414X/1NIA NIH HHS AG018859NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018859
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Improvements in the control of haemorrhage after trauma have resulted in the survival of many people who would otherwise have died from the initial loss of blood. However, the danger is not over once bleeding has been arrested and blood pressure restored. Two-thirds of patients who die following major trauma now do so as a result of causes other than exsanguination. Trauma evokes a systemic reaction that includes an acute, non-specific, immune response associated, paradoxically, with reduced resistance to infection. The result is damage to multiple organs caused by the initial cascade of inflammation aggravated by subsequent sepsis to which the body has become susceptible. This Series examines the biological mechanisms and clinical implications of the cascade of events caused by large-scale trauma that leads to multiorgan failure and death, despite the stemming of blood loss. Furthermore, the stark and robust epidemiological finding--namely, that age has a profound influence on the chances of surviving trauma irrespective of the nature and severity of the injury--will be explored. Advances in our understanding of the inflammatory response to trauma, the impact of ageing on this response, and how this information has led to new and emerging treatments aimed at combating immune dysregulation and reduced immunity after injury will also be discussed.

Indexed as

Age FactorsEndocrine SystemHemostasisHumansImmunity, InnateNeutrophilsSex FactorsSystemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeWounds and Injuries

Identifiers

PMID25390327
PMCPMC4729362
OpenAlexW2164007663

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.