ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2014
Involvement of the Antioxidant Effect and Anti-inflammatory Response in Butyrate-Inhibited Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The Regulatory Landscape of Ferroptosis and Iron Homeostasis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Horizons in Cardiovascular Disease.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Restructuring the gut microbiota in obesity: molecular mechanisms linking dysbiosis to systemic inflammation and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Aging of the human eye lens: Epigenetic landscape and therapeutic targets in age‑related cataracts (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Role of vascular smooth muscle phenotypic transformation induced by histone modifications in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Dietary Addition of Tributyrin Improved the Production Performance, Antioxidant Ability and Intestinal Health in Weaned Rabbits.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Essential and Non-Essential Metals and Metalloids and Their Role in Atherosclerosis.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- Gut dysbiosis induced by a high-salt diet aggravates atherosclerosis by increasing the absorption of saturated fatty acids in ApoE-deficient mice.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2025Article
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- Recent advancements and comprehensive analyses of butyric acid in cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Iron in Atherosclerosis and its Association with Related Diseases.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
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- Oxidative Stress-Mediated Programmed Cell Death: a Potential Therapy Target for Atherosclerosis.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2024Review
- The Human Microbiome-A Physiologic Perspective.Comprehensive Physiology · 2024Review
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- Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Inflammatory and Metabolic Function in an Obese Skeletal Muscle Cell Culture Model.Nutrients · 2024Article
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- Short-chain fatty acids are potential goalkeepers of atherosclerosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
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- [MicroRNA-132 promotes atherosclerosis by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stressmediated ferroptosis].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms by altering the expression and, in turn, functions of target genes have potential to modify cellular processes that are characteristics of atherosclerosis, including inflammation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis/cell death. Butyrate, a natural epigenetic modifier and a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), is an inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, a critical event in atherogenesis. Here, we examined whether glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), a family of antioxidant enzymes, are modulated by butyrate, contributing to its antiproliferation action on VSMC through the regulation of the inflammatory response by using western blotting, immunostaining methods and activity assay. Treatment of VSMC with butyrate not only upregulates glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 3 and GPx4, but also increases the overall catalytic activity of GPx supporting involvement of antioxidant effect in butyrate arrested VSMC proliferation. Moreover, analysis of the redox-sensitive NF-κB transcription factor system, the target of GPx, reveals that butyrate causes downregulation of IKKα, IKKβ, IkBα and NF-κBp65 expression and prevents NF-κBp65 phosphorylation at serine536 causing inhibition of the expression NF-κB target inflammatory genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase, VCAM-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Overall, these observations suggest a link between the antioxidant effect and anti-inflammatory response in butyrate-arrested VSMC proliferation, accentuating the atheroprotective and therapeutic potential of natural products, like butyrate, in vascular proliferative diseases.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.