ArticleAIDS (London, England)2014
Long-term virological outcome in children on antiretroviral therapy in the UK and Ireland.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of darunavir and lopinavir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of virological failure in pediatric patients on HAART in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Pooled it
- Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life.HIV medicine · 2018Guideline
- Once-daily dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in infants and children living with HIV from age 4 weeks: results from the below 14 kg cohort in the randomised ODYSSEY trial.The lancet. HIV · 2022Trial
- Viral load suppression and associated factors following enhanced adherence counseling among people living with HIV/AIDS.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Partially-functional exhausted CD8+ T cells can contribute to short-term viral suppression: a computational prediction for children with perinatal HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of viral load testing for transitioning antiretroviral therapy-experienced children to dolutegravir in South Africa: a modelling analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Determinants of nonsuppression of HIV viral load among children receiving antiretroviral therapy in the Simiyu region: a cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Long-term outcomes of early initiated antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan children: a Cameroonian cohort study (ANRS-12140 Pediacam study, 2008-2013, Cameroon).BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Optimizing viral load suppression in Kenyan children on antiretroviral therapy (Opt4Kids).Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2020Article
- Unsatisfactory long-term virological suppression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in the Amazonas State, Brazil.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2020Article
- Reduced Time to Suppression Among Neonates With HIV Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy Within 7 Days After Birth.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- The cascade of care for children and adolescents with HIV in the UK and Ireland, 2010 to 2016.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Predictors of faster virological suppression in early treated infants with perinatal HIV from Europe and Thailand.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Observational
- Viral suppression among children and their caregivers living with HIV in western Kenya.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Long-term virological outcome in children receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy.AIDS research and therapy · 2018Article
- Discontinuation of Efavirenz in Paediatric Patients: Why do Children Switch?Clinical drug investigation · 2018Article
- Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Observational
- Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance on Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess factors at the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) associated with long-term virological response in children.
designMulticentre national cohort.
methodsFactors associated with viral load below 400 copies/ml by 12 months and virologic failure among children starting 3/4-drug ART in the UK/Irish Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study were assessed using Poisson models.
resultsNine hundred and ninety-seven children started ART at a median age of 7.7 years (inter-quartile range 2.9–11.7), 251 (25%) below 3 years: 411 (41%) with efavirenz and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (EFVþ2NRTIs), 264 (26%) with nevirapine and two NRTIs (NVPþ2NRTIs), 119 (12%; 106 NVP, 13 EFV) with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and three NRTIs (NNRTIþ3NRTIs), and 203 (20%) with boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens. Median follow-up after ART initiation was 5.7 (3.0–8.8) years. Viral load was less than 400 copies/ml by 12 months in 92% [95% confidence interval (CI) 91–94%] of the children. Time to suppression was similar across regimens (P¼0.10), but faster over calendar time, with older age and lower baseline viral load. Three hundred and thirtynine (34%) children experienced virological failure. Although progression to failure varied by regimen (P<0.001) and was fastest for NVPþ2NRTIs regimens, risk after 2 years on therapy was similar for EFVþ2NRTIs and NVPþ2NRTIs, and lowest for NNRTIþ3NRTIs regimens (P-interaction¼0.03). Older age, earlier calendar periods and maternal ART exposure were associated with increased failure risk. Early treatment discontinuation for toxicity occurred more frequently for NVP-based regimens, but 5-year cumulative incidence was similar: 6.1% (95% CI 3.9–8.9%) NVP, 8.3% (95% CI 5.6–11.6) EFV, and 9.8% (95% CI 5.7–15.3%) protease inhibitor-based regimens (P¼0.48).
conclusionViral load suppression by 12 months was high with all regimens. NVPþ3NRTIs regimens were particularly efficacious in the longer term and may be a good alternative to protease inhibitor-based ART in young children.
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