ArticlePlant reproduction2014
Antipodal cells persist through fertilization in the female gametophyte of Arabidopsis.
Article in Plant reproduction, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Female gametophyte development, pollen‒pistil interactions and embryogenic patterns in chicory (Cichorium intybus): a self-incompatibility perspective.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- Bioimaging insights into structural pathways of cell-to-cell communication within the male (MGU) and female (FGU) germ units of Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- Fertility loss in senescing Arabidopsis ovules is controlled by the maternal sporophyte via a NAC transcription factor triad.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Viability of Embryo Sacs and Fruit Set in Different Plum (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Dynamics of the cell fate specifications during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.PLoS biology · 2021Article
- Functionality of Embryo Sacs in Pear Cultivars 'Ingeborg' and 'Celina' as Related to Fruit Set under Nordic Climate.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- Differential cell persistence is observed in the Arabidopsis female gametophyte during heat stress.Plant reproduction · 2020Article
- Recent advances in understanding female gametophyte development.F1000Research · 2018Review
- Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of female gametophyte development in Sedum hispanicum L. (Crassulaceae).Protoplasma · 2018Article
- Female gametophyte and embryo development in Helleborus bocconei Ten. (Ranunculaceae).Protoplasma · 2017Article
- Patterning the Female Gametophyte of Flowering Plants.Plant physiology · 2017Review
- Expression analysis of KDEL-CysEPs programmed cell death markers during reproduction in Arabidopsis.Plant reproduction · 2016Article
- The Role of LORELEI in Pollen Tube Reception at the Interface of the Synergid Cell and Pollen Tube Requires the Modified Eight-Cysteine Motif and the Receptor-Like Kinase FERONIA.The Plant cell · 2016Article
- An Efficient Antipodal Cell Isolation Method for Screening of Cell Type-Specific Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.PloS one · 2016Article
- Embryogenesis inSpringerPlus · 2016Article
- Pollen Tube Discharge Completes the Process of Synergid Degeneration That Is Initiated by Pollen Tube-Synergid Interaction in Arabidopsis.Plant physiology · 2015Article
- Correlation between a loss of auxin signaling and a loss of proliferation in maize antipodal cells.Frontiers in plant science · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The female gametophyte of most flowering plants forms four cell types after cellularization, namely synergid cell, egg cell, central cell and antipodal cell. Of these, only the antipodal cells have no established functions, and it has been proposed that in many plants including Arabidopsis, the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death during embryo sac maturation and prior to fertilization. Here, we examined the expression of female gametophyte-specific fluorescent reporters in mature embryo sacs of Arabidopsis, and in developing seeds shortly after fertilization. We observed expression of the fluorescence from the reporter genes in the three antipodal cells in the mature stage embryo sac, and continuing through the early syncytial endosperm stages. These observations suggest that rather than undergoing programmed cell death and degenerating at the mature stage of female gametophyte as previously supposed, the antipodal cells in Arabidopsis persist beyond fertilization, even when the other cell types are no longer present. The results support the concept that the Arabidopsis female gametophyte at maturity should be considered to be composed of seven cells and four cell types, rather than the previously prevailing view of four cells and three cell types.
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