ArticleJournal of the experimental analysis of behavior2015
Opportunity costs of reward delays and the discounting of hypothetical money and cigarettes.
Article in Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Temporal discounting across adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychology and aging · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of delay discounting and cannabis use.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Delay discounting of different outcomes: Review and theory.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Sexual Arousal Discounting: Devaluing Condom-Protected Sex as a Function of Reduced Arousal.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of the effects of working memory training in methadone maintenance patients.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- Previous experience of action-effect predictability and delay affect perceived agency and decision-making independently.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- The Use of Nonmonetary Outcomes in Health-Related Delay Discounting Research: Review and Recommendations.Perspectives on behavior science · 2024Review
- Methamphetamine increases risky choice in rats, but only when magnitude and probability of reinforcement are manipulated within a session.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Article
- Designing and Validating a Novel Method for Assessing Delay Discounting Associated With Health Behaviors: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Third-Wave Treatments for Impulsivity in Addictive Disorders: A Narrative Review of the Active Ingredients and Overall Efficacy.Current addiction reports · 2023Article
- Methamphetamine administration dose effects on sexual desire, sexual decision making, and delay discounting.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- The phenotype of recovery II: The association between delay discounting, self-reported quality of life, and remission status among individuals in recovery from substance use disorders.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Beyond Systematic and Unsystematic Responding: Latent Class Mixture Models to Characterize Response Patterns in Discounting Research.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The discounting of death: Probability discounting of heroin use by fatal overdose likelihood and drug purity.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Setting a goal could help you control: Comparing the effect of health goal versus general episodic future thinking on health behaviors among cigarette smokers and obese individuals.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- The Effects of Time Framing on Compliance to Hypothetical Social-Distancing Policies Related to COVID-19.Behavior and social issues · 2021Article
- Delay and probability discounting in cocaine use disorder: Comprehensive examination of money, cocaine, and health outcomes using gains and losses at multiple magnitudes.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Mechanical Turk data collection in addiction research: utility, concerns and best practices.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Contribution of alcohol- and cigarette-related cues to concurrent reinforcer choice in humans.Behavioural processes · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Humans are reported to discount delayed rewards at lower rates than nonhumans. However, nonhumans are studied in tasks that restrict reinforcement during delays, whereas humans are typically studied in tasks that do not restrict reinforcement during delays. In nonhuman tasks, the opportunity cost of restricted reinforcement during delays may increase delay discounting rates. The present within-subjects study used online crowdsourcing (Amazon Mechanical Turk, or MTurk) to assess the discounting of hypothetical delayed money (and cigarettes in smokers) under four hypothetical framing conditions differing in the availability of reinforcement during delays. At one extreme, participants were free to leave their computer without returning, and engage in any behavior during reward delays (modeling typical human tasks). At the opposite extreme, participants were required to stay at their computer and engage in little other behavior during reward delays (modeling typical nonhuman tasks). Discounting rates increased as an orderly function of opportunity cost. Results also indicated predominantly hyperbolic discounting, the "magnitude effect," steeper discounting of cigarettes than money, and positive correlations between discounting rates of these commodities. This is the first study to test the effects of opportunity costs on discounting, and suggests that procedural differences may partially account for observed species differences in discounting.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.