ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2015
Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of obesity in offspring: a prospective cohort study.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors in the First 1000 Days of Life Associated With Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Risk Factor Quality Assessment.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Association of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy with low birth weight, childhood overweight, and obesity: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Pooled it
- Reducing the risk of sudden unexpected infant death: the caffeine hypothesis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- The Fetal Effect of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy-A Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and child development: Longitudinal results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia into its third decade: From neurochemical imbalance to early life etiological risks.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Article
- Association of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy With Child Growth.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Prenatal caffeine exposure: association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 9- to 11-year-old children.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2022Article
- Maternal caffeine intake and DNA methylation in newborn cord blood.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Associations of prenatal metabolomics profiles with early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk in African Americans: the CANDLE study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Article
- Maternal caffeine consumption and pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review with implications for advice to mothers and mothers-to-be.BMJ evidence-based medicine · 2021Review
- Associations of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy with abdominal and liver fat deposition in childhood.Pediatric obesity · 2020Article
- Impacts of Caffeine during Pregnancy.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2020Review
- Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2020Article
- Caffeine and Clinical Outcomes in Premature Neonates.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Maternal, but not paternal or grandparental, caffeine intake is associated with childhood obesity and adiposity: The Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Observational
- Evaluation of Caffeine Consumption among Pregnant Women from Southern Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Observational
- HPLC Method for Quantification of Caffeine and Its Three Major Metabolites in Human Plasma Using Fetal Bovine Serum Matrix to Evaluate Prenatal Drug Exposure.Journal of analytical methods in chemistry · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesIn-utero exposures through adverse fetal programming are emerging as an important contributing factor to the epidemic of childhood obesity. This study examines the impact of in-utero exposure to caffeine on the risk of childhood obesity in offspring. SUBJECTS/
methodsA prospective study of pregnant women with 15 years follow-up of their offspring was conducted to examine the impact of in-utero exposure to caffeine on the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal caffeine intake was prospectively ascertained during pregnancy and outcome measures (body mass index (BMI)) were ascertained from medical charts, with 17 BMI measurements per child, on average, during the follow-up period. Potential confounders including known perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity were adjusted for using the generalized estimating equations model with repeated measurements.
resultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, compared with those without caffeine exposure, in-utero exposure to caffeine overall is associated with 87% increased risk of childhood obesity: odds ratio (OR) =1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-3.12. This association demonstrated a dose-response relationship: OR=1.77 (1.05-3.00) for maternal daily caffeine intake <150 mg per day, OR=2.37 (1.24-4.52) for caffeine intake ⩾150 mg per day during pregnancy, respectively. We also observed a linear relationship: every one unit increase (log10 scale) in the amount of maternal caffeine intake was associated with 23% increased risk of obesity in offspring. The dose-response relationship appears stronger for persistent obesity than for transitory obesity (occasional high BMI), and for girls than for boys.
conclusionsWe observed an association of in-utero exposure to caffeine with increased risk of childhood obesity. If this observation is further replicated in other studies, the finding will contribute to the understanding of fetal programming of childhood diseases and development of intervention strategy to prevent childhood obesity.
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