ReviewAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2014
Braking bad: novel mechanisms of CTLA-4 inhibition of T cell responses.
Review in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer Immunotherapy: Heterogeneity, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Identification of ubiquitination-related signature genes for predicting kidney transplant rejection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Elucidating CTLA-4's role in tumor immunity: a comprehensive overview of targeted antibody therapies and clinical developments.Molecular diversity · 2025Review
- T cells in cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic advances.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Maintenance Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplantation: A Review of the Current Status and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Myeloid‑derived suppressor cell accumulation induces Treg expansion and modulates lung malignancy progression.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- The role of mesenchymal stem cells in attenuating inflammatory bowel disease through ubiquitination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Selective CD28 blockade impacts T cell differentiation during homeostatic reconstitution following lymphodepletion.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Alloantigen-specific type 1 regulatory T cells suppress through CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways and persist long-term in patients.Science translational medicine · 2021Article
- CTLA-4 Synergizes With PD1/PD-L1 in the Inhibitory Tumor Microenvironment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Combinational immunotherapy based on immune checkpoints inhibitors in small cell lung cancer: is this the beginning to reverse the refractory situation?Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
- Immune Monitoring of Patients With Primary Immune Regulation Disorders Unravels Higher Frequencies of Follicular T Cells With Different Profiles That Associate With Alterations in B Cell Subsets.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The Common Costimulatory and Coinhibitory Signaling Molecules in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- The Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Selected Primary Immunodeficiencies.Journal of clinical immunology · 2018Review
- Association of Regulatory T-Cell Expansion With Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Study of Humans and a Transgenic Mouse Model.JAMA neurology · 2018Article
- Expanding Diversity and Common Goal of Regulatory T and B Cells. II: In Allergy, Malignancy, and Transplantation.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2017Review
- iPSC-Derived Regulatory Dendritic Cells Inhibit Allograft Rejection by Generating Alloantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells.Stem cell reports · 2017Article
- T cell costimulation blockade blunts pressure overload-induced heart failure.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Effect of Ex Vivo-Expanded Recipient Regulatory T Cells on Hematopoietic Chimerism and Kidney Allograft Tolerance Across MHC Barriers in Cynomolgus Macaques.Transplantation · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a master regulator of T cell responses and its function is critical in models of transplant tolerance. The CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is also an important therapeutic target, as the costimulation blocker belatacept was recently approved for use following renal transplantation. While the traditional model of CTLA-4 coinhibition focuses on its ability to directly counteract CD28 costimulation, recently this paradigm has significantly broadened. Recent work has uncovered the ability of CTLA-4 to act as a cell-extrinsic coinhibitory molecule on CD4(+) T cell effectors. While it has been appreciated that CTLA-4 is required for FoxP3(+) regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression, current studies have elucidated important differences in the function of CTLA-4 on Tregs compared to effectors. CTLA-4 expression patterns also differ by T cell subset, with Th17 cells expressing significantly higher levels of CTLA-4. Thus, in contrast to the traditional model of CTLA-4 as a negative receptor to counter CD28 costimulation, recent work has begun to define CTLA-4 as a global regulator of T cell responses with subset-specific functions. Future studies must continue to uncover the molecular mechanisms that govern CTLA-4 function. These novel findings have implications for novel strategies to maximize the regulatory potential of CTLA-4 during allogeneic T cell responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.