Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25387525›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2014

Further improvements to linear mixed models for genome-wide association studies.

Christian Widmer, Christoph Lippert, Omer Weissbrod, Nicolo Fusi, Carl Kadie, Robert Davidson, Jennifer Listgarten, David Heckerman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Christian WidmereScience Group, Microsoft Research, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite PH1, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States.
Christoph LipperteScience Group, Microsoft Research, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite PH1, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States.
Omer WeissbrodComputer Science Department, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
Nicolo FusieScience Group, Microsoft Research, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite PH1, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States.
Carl KadieeScience Group, Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA, 98052, United States.
Robert DavidsoneScience Group, Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA, 98052, United States.
Jennifer ListgarteneScience Group, Microsoft Research, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite PH1, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States.
David HeckermaneScience Group, Microsoft Research, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite PH1, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We examine improvements to the linear mixed model (LMM) that better correct for population structure and family relatedness in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). LMMs rely on the estimation of a genetic similarity matrix (GSM), which encodes the pairwise similarity between every two individuals in a cohort. These similarities are estimated from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or other genetic variants. Traditionally, all available SNPs are used to estimate the GSM. In empirical studies across a wide range of synthetic and real data, we find that modifications to this approach improve GWAS performance as measured by type I error control and power. Specifically, when only population structure is present, a GSM constructed from SNPs that well predict the phenotype in combination with principal components as covariates controls type I error and yields more power than the traditional LMM. In any setting, with or without population structure or family relatedness, a GSM consisting of a mixture of two component GSMs, one constructed from all SNPs and another constructed from SNPs that well predict the phenotype again controls type I error and yields more power than the traditional LMM. Software implementing these improvements and the experimental comparisons are available at http://microsoft.com/science.

Indexed as

Linear ModelsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSoftwareAlgorithmsAnimalsGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansMiceModels, GeneticPhenotype

Identifiers

PMID25387525
PMCPMC4230738

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.