ArticleGenetics2015
Contrasting modes and tempos of venom expression evolution in two snake species.
Article in Genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Truncated Life History Underlies Rapid Local Adaptation in Island Rattlesnake Venom Expression.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The Genetic Architecture of Venom Resistance: A Novel Approach to Target Identification and Coevolutionary Discovery.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Insights Into the Evolution of Snake Venom: Mechanisms, Diversity, and Adaptation.Scientifica · 2026Review
- A Segregating Structural Variant Defines Novel Venom Phenotypes in the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Significant Serpents: Predictive Modelling of Bioclimatic Venom Variation in Russell's Viper.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Where the "ruber" Meets the Road: Using the Genome of the Red Diamond Rattlesnake to Unravel the Evolutionary Processes Driving Venom Evolution.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Extraordinary variance in meta-analysis of venom toxicity of 160 most lethal ophidians and guidelines for estimating human lethal dose range.Journal of biological methods · 2024Article
- Article
- Sequence Divergence in Venom Genes Within and Between Montane Pitviper (Viperidae: Crotalinae: Cerrophidion) Species is Driven by Mutation-Drift Equilibrium.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- Venom phenotype conservation suggests integrated specialization in a lizard-eating snake.Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2023Article
- One Size Fits All-Venomics of the Iberian Adder (Toxins · 2023Article
- Divergent Specialization of Simple Venom Gene Profiles among Rear-Fanged Snake Genera (Toxins · 2022Article
- Review
- Individual Variability inToxins · 2021Article
- Varying Intensities of Introgression Obscure Incipient Venom-Associated Speciation in the Timber Rattlesnake (Toxins · 2021Article
- Article
- Intraspecific sequence and gene expression variation contribute little to venom diversity in sidewinder rattlesnakes ( Crotalus cerastes).Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Comparative venom-gland transcriptomics and venom proteomics of four Sidewinder Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes) lineages reveal little differential expression despite individual variation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The habu genome reveals accelerated evolution of venom protein genes.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Evaluating the Performance of De Novo Assembly Methods for Venom-Gland Transcriptomics.Toxins · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Selection is predicted to drive diversification within species and lead to local adaptation, but understanding the mechanistic details underlying this process and thus the genetic basis of adaptive evolution requires the mapping of genotype to phenotype. Venom is complex and involves many genes, but the specialization of the venom gland toward toxin production allows specific transcripts to be correlated with specific toxic proteins, establishing a direct link from genotype to phenotype. To determine the extent of expression variation and identify the processes driving patterns of phenotypic diversity, we constructed genotype-phenotype maps and compared range-wide toxin-protein expression variation for two species of snake with nearly identical ranges: the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) and the eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius). We detected significant expression variation in C. adamanteus, identified the specific loci associated with population differentiation, and found that loci expressed at all levels contributed to this divergence. Contrary to expectations, we found no expression variation in M. fulvius, suggesting that M. fulvius populations are not locally adapted. Our results not only linked expression variation at specific loci to divergence in a polygenic, complex trait but also have extensive conservation and biomedical implications. C. adamanteus is currently a candidate for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act, and the loss of any major population would result in the irrevocable loss of a unique venom phenotype. The lack of variation in M. fulvius has significant biomedical application because our data will assist in the development of effective antivenom for this species.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.