Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25387084›Full record

ArticleJournal of biomedical optics2014

Characterization of thin poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based tissue-simulating phantoms with tunable reduced scattering and absorption coefficients at visible and near-infrared wavelengths.

Gage J Greening, Raeef Istfan, Laura M Higgins, Kartik Balachandran, Darren Roblyer, Mark C Pierce, Timothy J Muldoon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biomedical optics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. All-opticalPhotoacoustics · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Gage J GreeningUniversity of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.
Raeef IstfanBoston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
Laura M HigginsRutgers, State University of New Jersey, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.
Kartik BalachandranUniversity of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.
Darren RoblyerBoston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
Mark C PierceRutgers, State University of New Jersey, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.
Timothy J MuldoonUniversity of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.

Funding

Diffuse illumination in fiber bundle microendoscopy for deep tissue imagingR03CA182052 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT FAYETTEVILLE · PI MULDOON, TIMOTHY J · 2014 to 2015
$136k
NCI NIH HHS 1R03CA182052-01NCI NIH HHS R03 CA182052
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Optical phantoms are used in the development of various imaging systems. For certain applications, the development of thin phantoms that simulate the physical size and optical properties of tissue is important. Here, we demonstrate a method for producing thin phantom layers with tunable optical properties using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as a substrate material. The thickness of each layer (between 115 and 880 μm) was controlled using a spin coater. The reduced scattering and absorption coefficients were controlled using titanium dioxide and alcohol-soluble nigrosin, respectively. These optical coefficients were quantified at six discrete wavelengths (591, 631, 659, 691, 731, and 851 nm) at varying concentrations of titanium dioxide and nigrosin using spatial frequency domain imaging. From the presented data, we provide lookup tables to determine the appropriate concentrations of scattering and absorbing agents to be used in the design of PDMS-based phantoms with specific optical coefficients. In addition, heterogeneous phantoms mimicking the layered features of certain tissue types may be fabricated from multiple stacked layers, each with custom optical properties. These thin, tunable PDMS optical phantoms can simulate many tissue types and have broad imaging calibration applications in endoscopy, diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging, and optical coherence tomography, etc.

Indexed as

Phantoms, ImagingAbsorption, RadiationAniline CompoundsDimethylpolysiloxanesSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredTitaniumAniline CompoundsbaysilonDimethylpolysiloxanesnigrosinTitaniumtitanium dioxide

Identifiers

PMID25387084
PMCPMC4227531

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.