ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
Infiltrating regulatory B cells control neuroinflammation following viral brain infection.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
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- From diagnosis to treatment: exploring the mechanisms underlying optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Immune surveillance of cytomegalovirus in tissues.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- IFNγ-Producing B Cells Play a Regulating Role in Infection-Mediated Inhibition of Allergy.Biology · 2023Article
- IL-10-providing B cells govern pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages and microglia in CNS autoimmunity.Acta neuropathologica · 2023Article
- Progressive cognitive impairment after recovery from neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasiveFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Moving to the Outskirts: Interplay Between Regulatory T Cells and Peripheral Tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The role of B cells in cancer development.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- B-cells are abnormal in psychosocial stress and regulate meningeal myeloid cell activation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Role of Regulatory B cells in Kidney Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Regulatory T Cells in Neurotropic Virus Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Regulatory B Cells and Its Role in Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Neuroinflammation During RNA Viral Infections.Annual review of immunology · 2019Review
- IL-33/ST2 plays a critical role in endothelial cell activation and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation modulation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- Murine splenic B cells express corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 that affect their viability during a stress response.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Regulatory B cells in infectious disease (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2017Review
- IL-10: A Multifunctional Cytokine in Viral Infections.Journal of immunology research · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of a subset of B lymphocytes, regulatory B cells (Bregs), which modulate immune function. In this study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were undertaken to elucidate the role of these Bregs in controlling neuroinflammation following viral brain infection. We used multicolor flow cytometry to phenotype lymphocyte subpopulations infiltrating the brain, along with in vitro cocultures to assess their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory roles. This distinctive subset of CD19(+)CD1d(hi)CD5(+) B cells was found to infiltrate the brains of chronically infected animals, reaching highest levels at the latest time point tested (30 d postinfection). B cell-deficient Jh(-/-) mice were found to develop exacerbated neuroimmune responses as measured by enhanced accumulation and/or retention of CD8(+) T cells within the brain, as well as increased levels of microglial activation (MHC class II). Conversely, levels of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells were found to be significantly lower in Jh(-/-) mice when compared with wild-type (Wt) animals. Further experiments showed that in vitro-generated IL-10-secreting Bregs (B10) were able to inhibit cytokine responses from microglia following stimulation with viral Ags. These in vitro-generated B10 cells were also found to promote proliferation of regulatory T cells in coculture studies. Finally, gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that reconstitution of Wt B cells into Jh(-/-) mice restored neuroimmune responses to levels exhibited by infected Wt mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Bregs modulate T lymphocyte as well as microglial cell responses within the infected brain and promote CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cell proliferation in vitro.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.