ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2015
Clostridium difficile isolates with high linezolid MICs harbor the multiresistance gene cfr.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- The emergence and biological characteristics of linezolid-resistantEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- From colonization to infection: Genomic evolution of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2026Review
- Molecular basis of linezolid resistance inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Characterization of the clade 4 non-toxigenicFEMS microbes · 2026Article
- Isolation ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Automated web-based typing of Clostridioides difficile ribotypes via MALDI-TOF MS.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Community-AcquiredInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Analysis of high-molecular-weight proteins using MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning for the differentiation of clinically relevant Clostridioides difficile ribotypes.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Characterization of High-Linezolid-MICInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Multi-drug resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Antibiotic Resistances of Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Directed evolution of the rRNA methylating enzyme Cfr reveals molecular basis of antibiotic resistance.eLife · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of Clostridioides difficile.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Review
- A species-wide genetic atlas of antimicrobial resistance inMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Review
- Mobile Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Five-year Pan-European, longitudinal surveillance of Clostridium difficile ribotype prevalence and antimicrobial resistance: the extended ClosER study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We studied the molecular mechanisms of linezolid resistance in 9 isolates of toxigenic Clostridium difficile with high linezolid MICs. The activity of linezolid was determined against 891 clinical isolates of toxigenic C. difficile. The MIC50 and MIC90 of linezolid were 0.75 μg/ml and 1.5 μg/ml, respectively. Nine strains (1%) showed high linezolid MICs (6 μg/ml to 16 μg/ml) and also were resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. These strains were selected for molecular studies: sequencing of domain V of the 23 rRNA gene, detection of the cfr methyltransferase gene, and sequencing of the ribosomal protein genes rplC and rplD. Molecular relatedness between strains was assessed using PCR ribotyping and MLVA (multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis) typing. The strains belonged to ribotypes 001 (2/9), 017 (6/9), and 078 (1/9). MLVA showed that strains of ribotype 001 and 017 belonged to the same clonal complex in each ribotype. We did not detect mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. The cfr gene was detected in 7 of 9 strains. Sequencing of cfr amplicons revealed a similarity of 100% to a fragment of transposon Tn6218 of C. difficile, which was annotated as a putative chloramphenicol/florfenicol resistance protein. We were unable to detect mechanisms of resistance to linezolid in the 2 strains belonging to ribotype 001. While the relevance of our results lies in the detection of the cfr gene as a possible mechanism of resistance to linezolid in C. difficile, our findings should be assessed by further investigations to characterize these possible cfr genes and their contribution to linezolid resistance.
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