ArticleAnnals of neurology2015
Neural function, injury, and stroke subtype predict treatment gains after stroke.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- Robot-assisted therapy following stroke: what effects on quality of life, cognitive and psychosocial outcomes? A systematic review.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Cortical Thickness of Brain Areas Beyond Stroke Lesions and Sensory-Motor Recovery: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Mean Motor Disconnectivity Predicts Hand Function Impairment After Stroke: Beyond Motor Cortex Output.Stroke · 2026Trial
- Stimulation of the Premotor Cortex Enhances Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Association with Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Stroke.Brain connectivity · 2023Trial
- Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Therapy on Quality of Life of Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Three-Month Follow-Up Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Gains Across WHO Dimensions of Function After Robot-Based Therapy in Stroke Subjects.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2020Trial
- Somatosensory system integrity explains differences in treatment response after stroke.Neurology · 2019Trial
- Neuroplasticity and network connectivity of the motor cortex following stroke: A transcranial direct current stimulation study.Human brain mapping · 2018Trial
- Variability in stroke motor outcome is explained by structural and functional integrity of the motor system.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Biomarkers of Rehabilitation Therapy Vary according to Stroke Severity.Neural plasticity · 2018Trial
- Inhibition versus facilitation of contralesional motor cortices in stroke: Deriving a model to tailor brain stimulation.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Stimulation targeting higher motor areas in stroke rehabilitation: A proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study of effectiveness and underlying mechanisms.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2015Trial
- Review
- Stroke recovery beyond initial severity: the complementary roles of brain structure and brain function in acute stroke.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Towards AI-based precision rehabilitation via contextual model-based reinforcement learning.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Probabilistic normative maps of the corticospinal and cortico-reticulospinal tracts in streamline and volumetric formats.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2025Article
- Can EMG-Derived Upper Limb Muscle Synergies Serve as Markers for Post-Stroke Motor Assessment and Prediction of Rehabilitation Outcome?Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study was undertaken to better understand the high variability in response seen when treating human subjects with restorative therapies poststroke. Preclinical studies suggest that neural function, neural injury, and clinical status each influence treatment gains; therefore, the current study hypothesized that a multivariate approach incorporating these 3 measures would have the greatest predictive value.
methodsPatients 3 to 6 months poststroke underwent a battery of assessments before receiving 3 weeks of standardized upper extremity robotic therapy. Candidate predictors included measures of brain injury (including to gray and white matter), neural function (cortical function and cortical connectivity), and clinical status (demographics/medical history, cognitive/mood, and impairment).
resultsAmong all 29 patients, predictors of treatment gains identified measures of brain injury (smaller corticospinal tract [CST] injury), cortical function (greater ipsilesional motor cortex [M1] activation), and cortical connectivity (greater interhemispheric M1-M1 connectivity). Multivariate modeling found that best prediction was achieved using both CST injury and M1-M1 connectivity (r(2) = 0.44, p = 0.002), a result confirmed using Lasso regression. A threshold was defined whereby no subject with >63% CST injury achieved clinically significant gains. Results differed according to stroke subtype; gains in patients with lacunar stroke were best predicted by a measure of intrahemispheric connectivity.
interpretationResponse to a restorative therapy after stroke is best predicted by a model that includes measures of both neural injury and function. Neuroimaging measures were the best predictors and may have an ascendant role in clinical decision making for poststroke rehabilitation, which remains largely reliant on behavioral assessments. Results differed across stroke subtypes, suggesting the utility of lesion-specific strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.